抱歉，警校招生规定男女比例这件事，我们还是需要质疑

警校高考设立性别比例的事情，

大伙都听说了吗？

相信很多人第一反应都是，

“嗨，这有啥啊？”

男生体能比女生强，

不是不争的事实吗？

但是，仍有不少人质疑，

性别比例属于性别歧视。

为这事，

网络上已经吵翻了天，

就连@绵阳网警巡查执法都出动了，

直呼要打击“碰瓷特殊专业录取比例”的“极端女权”。

With the recent conclusion of China's national college entrance exams, or Gaokao, netizens have been discussing gender limits in the admissions process to police university, with many alleging that the policy constitutes sexual discrimination.  

Two weeks before, as Gaokao approached, many police stations throughout the country released university admission schemes on China's Twitter-like Weibo to welcome prospective fresh blood. 

However, things went awry in no time when a huge gap was found in the recruitment of males and females. For example, the China Fire and Rescue Institute planned to recruit 302 male students and 18 female students in 2019, with females taking up only about five percent. 

Other police universities also set a gender limit, usually recruiting “no more than 15%” female students in total. 

Many netizens argue that the gender limits are unreasonable and should be regarded as discriminatory against women. Others believe that people were being too sensitive over this issue.

近日，恰逢一年一度的高考。为了鼓励学子，为高考加油，不少警察单位都争相在微博上贴出了招生计划，不料却引来了轩然大波。

在大多数警校招生计划中，不少网友惊讶地发现，均明确规定“女生录取比例不超过15%”。

少数警校的录取比例还更夸张。例如，在中国消防救援学院的招生计划中，准备招收的男生为302人，女生仅为18人，男女比例达到了惊人的17:1，女生人数约等于5%。

女生人数这么少？凭什么？不少网友提出了“性别歧视”的质疑。

China's Ministry of Education released regulations in 2013 stipulating that universities should not grant privileges on the basis of gender, but schools that had majors linked to three special professions are exempt. The first is professions that have a gender limit in the job market, such as those in military, national defense, and public security; the second is professions that prohibit the hiring of women based on the Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests, such as mining and sailing; and the third is professions that require gender balance based on social conventions, such as broadcasting and hosting. 

其实，这个问题，一早就有人试图给过解释。公安专业女生计划数不超过招生计划总数的15%，是考虑到“公安工作高风险、强应急、超负荷的特殊性”。

教育部早在2012年就做过回应，称男女依法享有平等的受教育机会，但基于国家利益，特殊专业可调男女招生比例。

2013年，教育部再次强调，高校招生“不得擅自规定男女生比例”，“少数院校的特殊专业除外。”

三类特殊专业分别是： 

1. 与特定职业要求紧密相关，且职业对男女比例有要求的专业，如军事、国防、公共安全类专业；

2. 从保护女性的角度，适当限制女性报考，如航海、采矿等专业；

3. 个别招生数量有限且社会需求有一定的性别均衡要求的专业，包括部分非通用语种专业、播音主持专业等。

但是，事情可能没这么简单。

比如，具体来讲：

哪些高校的哪些专业属于“特殊专业”？

飞行、地质勘探之类的模糊专业究竟怎么分类？

“特殊行业”和“特殊岗位”之“特殊”是基于哪些标准？

性别比例究竟对“国家利益”造成了怎样的影响？

15%的比例规定从何而来？为什么不是20%？30%？为什么只设上限不设下限？

这些，都是网络争议的焦点。

Given the gender limit, female students must try even harder than their male counterparts to make the cut. In extreme cases, women have to score 60 points higher than men to secure admission. 

Xu Lin, a professor at a police university in Zhejiang province, said that more women are dreaming of becoming police officers. This year, female applicants took up about 25 percent. And after enrollment, they may even perform better than men in both academic studies and physical training. 

很多人出于传统观念，第一反应是，哪儿有女生愿意当警察？15%也就是象征性规定一下，实际对女性报考警校造成不了任何影响。

别说，想当警察的女生还挺多的，而且竞争往往比男生更加激烈。

有人统计，虽然规定“不高于15%”，但实际操作中，招生比例有时会远低于这个限制，甚至有学校规定，女生比例不高于2.5%。

有网友指出，女生甚至要比男生高出近60分，才能在警校挣得一席之地。

警校老师也印证了这一说法。

据浙江警察学院教学与训练研究室主任徐林介绍，2019年，报考浙江警察学院的学生共有6006人，其中女生约占25%，大幅超过教育部规定的15%限额。

“就我们学校来说，女生的竞争会比男生激烈一点。”

徐林还补充道，现在有较多女孩子比较向往做一名警察。而且进校后，女生不仅文化成绩好，体能成绩也比较好。

中国教育科学研究院博士、助理研究员姜朝晖也曾提到，“剥夺选择的权利，认为女性不适合这个行业，这显然是一种陈旧的固化思维。事实上，巾帼不让须眉的例子比比皆是。我们可以引导和吸引更多的男生来报考该专业，但并不等于就要剥夺女生报考的权利。”

联合国的“警察性别倡议”中提到——

保证女性警察的数量，是“为了不同人群（女性、男性、女童、男童）的安全需要都能得到满足。”

“女性警察会成为性别平等的榜样，鼓励女孩们追求自己的权利，为女性和儿童提供更高的安全感，并增强执法机构对本地女性所能提供的帮助与支持。”

同时，女性警察还能帮助执法部门更好地处理性骚扰相关的案件。

正如一部分网友所指出的：

“多一些女警没什么不好。在家暴跟强奸问题上中国就很缺有女性立场的警察，立案率很低。”

“在碰到性侵犯的案件时，由男性警察审问办理常常造成二次伤害。”

电影《嘉年华》中男性警察询问未成年性侵受害者

Why do we need female police officers?

The United Nation's police gender initiatives address the importance of female police officers by describing the involvement of women in law enforcement as "an operational necessity to address the differentiated security needs of women, men, girls and boys."

"…female police officers act as role models for gender equality, inspiring women and girls to advocate for their own rights and pursue careers in law enforcement. Female police officers, moreover, provide a greater sense of security to women and children and improve access and support from law enforcement agencies to local women. They also help the United Nations address and respond to sexual exploitation and abuse."

----UN POLICE GENDER INITIATIVES

As some social media users pointed out, without enough women in law enforcement, criminal cases regarding sexual abuse and domestic violence can hardly be addressed properly. In particular, male inquiry of female victims may lead to secondary victimization.

绵阳网警一则“打击极端女权”的微博公告，

把这事推上了顶峰。

公告指出，

部分极端女权人士刻意挑刺，带动节奏，动荡社会秩序，

“碰瓷大学特殊行业的录取比例”。

在对极端女权的声讨中，很多合理的质疑也被无视了。

例如上文提到的，女警察的女性立场，可以增强涉及女性受害者案件的立案率，满足更多女性的安全需求。

除了性别一刀切，难道真的没有更好的方式了吗？

有网友提出了改进选拔方式的思路，例如男女统一体能测试：

如果将大家眼中“男性更适合的职业”的需求具体化为不同的要素（如体能、耐力、敏捷性等等），那么是否只要满足这些条件，男女就可以站在同一条起跑线上进行竞争了呢？

追求性别平权，并非是要否认差异的存在，只希望得到同等的机会。

Certain online discussions surrounding this issue have been labeled "extreme feminism" in an official announcement released by "Mianyang cyber police," the cyber security branch under the police department of Mianyang city in southwest China's Sichuan Province.

However, the label "extreme feminism" dismisses a number of thoughtful questions raised by this issue. As mentioned above, female police officers can fulfill the security needs of women and girls, which have been somewhat overlooked by male-dominant police forces.

Some suggested using a gender-neutral fitness test to measure candidates' capabilities so that both gender can compete equally without regard to the stereotyped notion of gender: as long as you are strong enough, you are qualified.

重男轻女的观念根深蒂固地源于历史文化。对于女性所能从事职业的刻板印象，也非一天形成。

但越是对传统的合理质疑，并对可能的改进方式进行思考，越可以推动社会进步和发展。

人类的进步，或许就是从打破这些思维的禁锢、让更多人拥有自由选择人生的权利开始。