A STUDY in Scotland found that one in 20 people who had been sick with COVID reported not recovering at all, and another four in 10 said they had not fully recovered from their infections many months later, The New York Times reported Oct. 12.
据《纽约时报》10月12日报道，苏格兰一项最新研究发现，在其研究对象中，5%的新冠患者称自己从未康复，另外还有40%的人表示，他们在感染多月之后仍未完全康复。
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The study was published on Nature Communication on Oct. 12. The research team in Scotland tracked 33,000 people who had tested positive for the virus starting in April 2020 and 63,000 who had never been diagnosed with COVID. In six-month intervals, those people were asked about any symptoms they had, including tiredness, muscle aches, chest pain and neurological problems, and about any difficulties with daily life. The researchers tried to explore the long-term risks of COVID by comparing the frequency of symptoms in people with and without previous COVID diagnoses.这项研究于10月12日发表在《自然通讯》（Nature Communications）期刊。研究人员从2020年3月开始，跟踪了3.3万名新冠患者以及6.3万名从未患过新冠的人。每隔六个月，参与者会被询问相关症状，包括疲劳、肌肉疼痛、胸痛和神经问题，以及日常生活中遇到的困难。研究人员通过对比新冠患者和未感染者身上出现症状的频率，以了解新冠的长期后遗症风险。People with previous symptomatic COVID infections reported certain persistent symptoms, such as breathlessness, palpitations and confusion or difficulty concentrating, at a rate roughly three times as high as uninfected people in surveys from six to 18 months later, the study found. Those patients also experienced elevated risks of more than 20 other symptoms relating to the heart, respiratory health, muscle aches, mental health and the sensory system.研究发现，在6到18个月后的调查中，曾感染新冠的人群出现呼吸困难、心悸、意识混乱或难以集中注意力等持续性症状的比例，大约是未感染者的三倍。曾感染新冠的人出现与心脏、呼吸、肌肉疼痛、精神健康和感官系统相关的20多种其他症状的风险也比未感染者高。The study did not identify greater risks of long-term problems in people with asymptomatic coronavirus infections. It also found, in a much more limited subset of participants who had been given at least one dose of COVID vaccine before their infections, that vaccination appeared to help reduce if not eliminate the risk of some long COVID symptoms. People with severe initial COVID cases were at higher risk of long-term problems, the study found.同时，该项研究并未发现无症状感染者出现长期症状的风险比未感染者大。而感染前接种过至少一针疫苗的患者，出现某些长期症状的风险也更低。另外，早期症状严重的新冠病例出现长期问题的风险更高。Another recent study has also found that about 1% of COVID-19 patients have persistent symptoms for one year or more, and long COVID-19 eases with time, according to a report by the Japan Times.另据《日本时报》报道，一项关于长病程新冠感染者的研究指出，约有1%的新冠患者的症状可持续一年或更长时间，后遗症会随着时间的推移而缓解。The study was published on JAMA on Oct. 10. It was the first rigorous assessment of the magnitude of long COVID-19 on a global scale. The research team collected data about 1.2 million COVID-19 patients from 54 studies and two medical record databases from 22 countries. More than 200 ailments have been linked to long COVID-19, but the study in JAMA collated information on three common clusters of symptoms.该项研究于10月10日发表于《美国医学会杂志》（JAMA），是首次在全球范围内进行的关于长病程感染者的严格评估。研究收集了来自全球22个国家的54项研究及2个医学数据库的数据，跟踪了120万名新冠患者。长病程感染者的症状有200多种，该项研究主要收集三组常见的症状。Researchers found 6.2% of people who had COVID-19 in the pandemic’s first two years experienced at least one of three main groups of symptoms three months later. Of those patients, 15% were still afflicted after a year.研究人员发现，在新冠流行的前两年中，6.2%的患者在3个月后出现了三组症状中的至少一组，而这些病人中，15%的人在感染一年后仍有后遗症。It found that three months after a coronavirus infection, 3.7% of patients had ongoing respiratory problems, 3.2% had persistent fatigue with bodily pain or mood swings, and 2.2% had cognitive problems, after adjusting for their health status before COVID-19.此外，在感染新冠三个月后，3.7%的病人持续出现呼吸道问题，3.2%的病人持续出现疲劳问题，并伴有身体疼痛、情绪不稳定等问题，2.2%的病人表示尽管身体情况恢复到感染前的状态，仍然出现认知问题。The risk of getting durable long COVID-19 symptoms increases with the severity of the acute infection, the study in JAMA found. The average duration of long COVID-19 was nine months for people who were hospitalized for the coronavirus, compared with four months for people who fought off the virus at home.该项研究表明，新冠患者的病重程度越高，留下长病程症状的风险也越大。对于住院治疗的新冠患者来说，长病程新冠症状持续时间的平均数是9个月，而对于居家治疗的患者来说，只需要4个月。Among patients older than 20 who caught COVID-19 three months earlier, persistent symptoms occurred in 10.6% of women and 5.4% of men.而20岁以上的患者，在感染三个月后，女性出现长病程症状的概率是10.6%，而男性则是5.4%。The latest analysis accounts for COVID-19 cases through the end of 2021, before omicron variants fueled an unprecedented surge in infections. U.K. data suggests the hyperinfectious omicron subvariants are much less likely to cause long COVID-19 than the delta variant that preceded it.这项最新的分析研究对象为2021年底前的新冠病例，当时还没有出现奥秘克戎带来的病例激增。而来自英国的数据表明，与之前的德尔塔变体相比，奥密克戎引起长病程症状的可能性大幅降低。Both studies have found that women, older people, those who had suffered from diseases before infection, and those living in poorer areas also faced more serious aftereffects from an infection. 此外，两项研究都指出，新冠后遗症对妇女、老年人、有基础疾病和生活在贫困地区的人影响更大。