真相放大镜｜百万吨核污染水排入海洋日本让全世界埋单？

原创 CGTN CGTN

日本政府4月13日召开内阁会议正式决定，福岛第一核电站核污染水经过滤并稀释后将排入大海。此举引发日本国内及包括中韩等国的强烈抗议。

福岛核污染水是从哪儿来的？

2011年3月11日，日本东北部近海地区发生了9.0级地震，地震引发的海啸导致了福岛核泄漏事故。

为持续冷却核反应堆堆芯，东京电力公司向反应堆注入了大量的水。加上反应堆原有的冷却剂，以及大量渗入反应堆的地下水及雨水，就产生了大量核污染水。

十年过去了，福岛核电站储存罐内的核污染水已达125万吨。现在每天仍新增140吨，估计到2022年9月将达到储存罐上限137万吨。

当地时间2021年4月12日，日本福岛县，航拍福岛第一核电站核污水仓。/CFP

So where does the nuclear polluted water come from?

A 9-magnitude earthquake struck the coastal area of northeastern Japan on March 11, 2011. The ensuing tsunami caused the Fukushima nuclear accident.

To cool the nuclear reactor core, Tokyo Electric Power Company injected a large amount of water into the reactor.

In addition to the original coolant in the reactor, and the groundwater and rainwater infiltrating the reactor, a large amount of radioactive water is produced.

After 10 years, the polluted water stored in tanks of the Fukushima nuclear power plant has reached 1.25 million tonnes.

With an increase of 140 tonnes every day, it is estimated that it will reach the upper limit of 1.37 million tonnes of storage by September 2022.

日本副首相兼财务大臣麻生太郎在内阁会议后向记者表示：“按照科学依据，早就应该这样做了（排入海洋）”，还称“那些水喝了也没什么事”。

但相关专家表示，这些将要排放的核污染水虽然是经处理后的，但依然含有氚、锶、铯、碘等放射性核素。

有日本网友发帖：“如果你真的这么想的话，那你先喝吧！”

Japanese Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister Taro Aso said during a press conference that the nuclear polluted water should be discharged into the sea sooner and the water is harmless for drinking.

Experts say although the polluted water will be treated before discharge, it still contains radionuclides such as tritium, strontium, cesium and iodine.

A Japanese netizen criticized Taron Aso by saying, “If you think it’s ok, you drink it first.”

百万吨核污染水排入海洋，有何后果？

首先，日本太平洋沿岸海域将受到影响，特别是福岛县周边水域。

德国海洋科学研究机构指出，福岛沿岸拥有世界上最强的洋流，从排放之日起57天内，放射性物质将扩散至太平洋大半区域，10年后蔓延全球海域。

绿色和平组织核专家指出，日核污染水所含碳14在数千年内都存在危险，并可能造成基因损害。

因此，核污染水排入海洋会影响到全球鱼类迁徙、远洋渔业、人类健康、生态安全等方方面面。

What’s the impact of dumping nuclear polluted water into the sea?

The waters off the Pacific coast of Japan will be first affected, especially the waters around Fukushima Prefecture.

According to a German marine scientific research institute, with the world's strongest currents along the coast of Fukushima, radioactive materials could spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within 57 days from the date of discharge, and reach all oceans of the globe in a decade.

Greenpeace nuclear experts say the level of the radioactive isotope carbon-14 in the nuclear polluted water will remain hazardous for thousands of years with the potential to cause genetic damage.

Therefore, the discharge of nuclear polluted water into the ocean will affect various aspects including global fish migration, pelagic fisheries, human health and ecological security.

日本环境大臣原田义昭曾在新闻发布会上称“别无选择，只能将（核污染水）释放并稀释”。

将核污染水排入大海真的是别无选择吗？

自2013年以来，日本政府对地层注入、排入海洋、蒸汽释放、氢气释放和地下掩埋五种处置方案进行评估。

2020年2月，多核素去除装置（ALPS）净化水处理小组委员会发布的评估报告认为，排入海洋与蒸汽释放都是可行的方案，其中排入海洋操作更为便捷，其他处置方案从经济性、技术成熟性或时间方面考虑较差。

有分析称，日本政府向海洋排放核污染水不是因为空间不够，而是不愿承担核污染水存储装置的维护成本。

事实上，福岛第一核电站周边有大量因辐射量过高而不宜居住的区域，完全可以用来新建存储设施。

Is it true that there is no other option?

Since 2013, the Japanese government has evaluated five options for disposal of the radioactive water: geosphere injection, discharge into the sea, vapor release, hydrogen release and underground burial.

In February 2020, the report issued by the Subcommittee on Handling of the ALPS Treated Water concluded that both discharge into the sea and vapor release are feasible. The discharge into the ocean is more convenient than other options in terms of costs, technical feasibility and duration.

Some analysts say that the Japanese government’s decision of discharging nuclear polluted water into the ocean is not because of insufficient space, but because it is unwilling to bear maintenance costs of storage facilities.

In fact, there are a large number of uninhabitable areas around the Fukushima nuclear power plant due to excessive radiation levels, which can be used to build new storage facilities.

国际社会对此有何反应？

日本政府的决定引起了本国民众以及中国、韩国、俄罗斯等邻国人民的强烈反对。

日本、韩国民众纷纷走上街头抗议。

当地时间2021年4月16日，韩国首尔，在日本驻韩国大使馆前，韩国渔业商人抗议日本政府将核污水排入大海的决定。/CFP

How did the world react?

The decision of the Japanese government aroused strong opposition from its own people and people in its neighboring countries including China, South Korea and Russia.

People in Japan and South Korea took to the streets to protest.

然而，美国国务卿布林肯却在推特上发文感谢日本政府的决定。

“我们感谢日方在决定处理福岛第一核电站处理水问题上所做出的显而易见的努力。我们期待日本政府继续与国际原子能机构进行协调。”

However, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken took to Twitter to "thank" Japan for its decision.

但是美国却说一套做一套。

美国食品药品监督管理局在4月3日发布“进口警告”，表示因放射性元素污染问题，禁止来自日本某些地区的产品进入美国。

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued an "Import Alert" on April 3 to detain products from Japan due to radioactive contamination.

日本社会一直有“不给别人添麻烦”的传统，但这次日本政府却给世界添了个大麻烦。

海洋是整个人类的共同财产，日本也有义务保护和保全海洋生态环境。

距离正式向海洋倾倒核污染水，还有两年时间.

日本，请三思而后行。

Japan, with a character of "not bothering others," seems to be causing a big trouble to the planet.

The ocean is the common property of mankind. Japan also has the responsibility to protect and preserve the marine environment.

It’s still two years before the Fukushima nuclear polluted water is dumped into the sea.

Think twice before you take action, Japan.

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