决策者丨期待中国在全球环境治理中发挥更大作用

原创 CGTN CGTN

编者按：“决策者”（Decision Makers）是一个全球平台，供决策者分享他们对影响当今世界之事件的见解。涂瑞和是联合国环境规划署驻华代表。文章仅代表作者的观点，而非本台观点。

Editor's note: Decision Makers is a global platform for decision makers to share their insights on events shaping today's world. Ruihe Tu is the Head of UNEP China Office. The article reflects the author's opinions and not necessarily those of CGTN.

长期以来，中国与联合国环境规划署保持着良好的合作关系。1973年联合国环境规划署在内罗毕正式成立，不久之后中国政府就在内罗毕设立了常驻环境署代表处。2003年9月，联合国环境规划署在北京设立代表处，这是环境规划署在全球设立的第一个国家层面的办公室。双方始终相互支持，不断推进务实合作，取得显著成果。

China has long maintained a good cooperative relationship with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). UNEP was established in Nairobi, Kenya in 1973, and soon afterwards the Chinese government set up a permanent mission to UNEP in Nairobi. In September 2003, UNEP China Office was established in Beijing, becoming the first country office of UNEP in the world. The two sides have always supported each other, and the practical cooperation has continued to advance and led to remarkable results.

进入新时代以来，中国在环境保护和可持续发展方面的认识和理念不断深化。中国将生态文明建设融入经济、政治、文化、社会发展的各方面和全过程。通过更加严格的环境保护法律法规，更有效的工作机制，中国实施了更加有效的政策措施，并加大了执法力度。中国政府部署实施大气、水、土壤三大污染防治行动计划，环境质量以前所未有的速度得到了改善。

Since entering the new era, China has deepened its understanding and developed more sophisticated philosophy about environmental protection and sustainable development. China has integrated its drive on ecological protection into all aspects and processes of economic, political, cultural and social development. Stricter environmental protection laws and regulations have been passed, while more effective working mechanisms have been established. China has rolled out more effective policy measures and stepped up law enforcement in this regard. For example, the Chinese government issued the actions plans on the prevention and control of air, water and soil pollution. As a result, the environment has improved at an unprecedented speed.

中国开展了大规模的空气污染治理行动，从烟尘、粉尘、二氧化硫、化学需氧量等单一污染物控制，到污染物排放总量控制和 “刚性约束指标”等。近几年来，中国空气污染防治取得的巨大成就得到了国际社会普遍肯定。

China has carried out massive air pollution control actions, ranging from the control of single pollutants such as soot, dust, sulphur dioxide and chemical oxygen demand (COD), to the control of total pollutant emissions and "target responsibility system" of pollution control, etc. The great achievements made in recent years in particular have been widely recognized by the international community.

以北京市为例，其在改善空气质量、积极应对气候变化方面做出了不懈努力，取得显著成效。过去二十多年来，北京持续开展了分步骤、分阶段的大规模的“清洁空气”和“蓝天保卫战”行动计划。北京积极应对气候变化的举措成果显著：2015-2020年间，全市空气质量各项指标全面、持续改善，特别是PM2.5年均浓度连续五年大幅度下降、累计下降53%，2020年降至38微克/立方米。2021年，PM2.5年均浓度下降到33微克/立方米，首次实现六项空气质量指标全部达到国家标准。

Beijing, for example, has made relentless efforts to improve air quality and actively respond to climate change, with remarkable results. Over the past two decades, Beijing has carried out massive action plans such as "Clean Air" and "Blue Sky Defense" step by step. The city has also been proactive in addressing the challenge of climate change. The results are fairly notable: From 2015 to 2020, Beijing's air quality has improved across all indicators and such improvement showed no sign of abating. In particular, the annual average PM2.5 concentration dropped for five years in a row by a cumulative 53 percent to 38 μg/m3 by 2020. The annual average PM2.5 concentration fell further to 33 μg/m3 in 2021. For the first time, all six air quality indicators met the national standards. The intensity of carbon dioxide emissions has continued to fall.

此外，二氧化碳排放强度持续下降，多年来万元GDP二氧化碳排放强度保持在全国创纪录的低水平。通过应用先进绿色低碳技术、可再生能源等，在利益相关方和公众的支持和参与下，2022年北京冬奥会实现了碳中和，在世界范围内的示范效应显著。联合国环境规划署2019年与中国合作共同编写出版了《北京大气污染治理二十年历程与展望》，高度赞扬北京治理空气污染的政策措施和成效。报告认为，世界上还没有其它的大城市能像北京一样，在短时间内实现空气质量大幅度改善。

The amount of carbon dioxide emitted for generating 10,000 yuan worth of GDP output has stayed at the record low level in China for many years. In particular, through the application of advanced green and low-carbon technologies, renewable energy, etc., and with the support and participation of stakeholders and the general public, the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games achieved carbon neutrality and established itself as a shining example for the rest of the world. In 2019, UNEP co-authored and published a report entitled A Review of 20 years' Air Pollution Control in Beijing in cooperation with China, highly praising Beijing's policy measures and achievements in air pollution control. It argued that no other major city in the world has achieved such substantial improvements within such a short period of time.

Shahe Reservoir, the suburban water system has gradually returned to its original ecology, Beijing, China, June 20, 2021. /CFP

几十年来，中国实施了世界上规模最大的生态修复、增绿扩绿工程，积累了丰富的实践和成功实例。中国启动了中国两大母亲河—长江、黄河的大保护行动，确立了坚持生态优先、绿色发展，共抓大保护、不搞大开发的指导原则。中国政府先后制定《长江经济带生态环境保护规划》、《长江保护法》，《黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展规划纲要》《黄河生态保护治理攻坚战行动方案》，即将出台《黄河保护法》。两大流域的水污染治理、水生生物保护、生态修复进入快车道。

Over the past few decades, China has carried out the world's largest ecological restoration and greening projects, accumulating a wealth of good practices and success stories. China has launched a major protection campaign for its two mother rivers, the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, and established the guiding principles of prioritizing ecological conservation and boosting green development. Under the drive to promote well-coordinated environmental conservation and avoid excessive development, the Chinese government has formulated the Ecological and Environmental Protection Plan of Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB), the Yangtze River Protection Law, the Outline of the Yellow River Basin's Ecological Protection and High-quality Development Plan, the Action Plan on Yellow River Ecological Protection and Governance and the forthcoming Yellow River Protection Law. Water pollution control, aquatic life protection and ecological restoration in the two major river basins have got into the fast track.

自2020年9月习近平在联合国大会宣布30·60双碳目标以来，中国中央政府、各地方政府、企业界、高校、研究院、智库等社会各界，以“中国高铁”般的速度迅速应对气候变化、推进温室气体减排的工作。目前，应对气候变化的政策体系和路线图已经绘就，各部门、各地区、各行业、各社会团体都在积极行动起来采取有效措施促进减排。

Since Xi Jinping announced the goals of achieving peak carbon emission before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060 at the UN General Assembly in September 2020, China's central government departments, local governments, enterprises, universities, research institutes and think tanks have worked at the "speed of China's bullet trains" to address climate change and promote greenhouse gas emission reduction. The policy system and roadmap for addressing climate change have been put in place. All government departments, local authorities, business communities and social groups have been taking active actions to adopt effective measures on emission reduction.

当今全球环境问题的根源和负面影响已不再局限于个别国家和地区，坚持多边主义和全球合作才是应对危机的关键。从全球来看，中国作为最大的发展中国家，致力于解决自身的环境问题，本身就是对保护全球生态环境的巨大贡献。同时中国坚持多边主义以及国际合作精神，以切实的行动支持区域和全球环境保护行动。中国参加了包括《保护臭氧层公约》、《生物多样性公约》、《气候变化框架公约》等全球主要环境公约，积极履行公约规定的相关义务，为保护区域和全球环境做出显著贡献。

Given that the causes and negative impacts of the global environmental problems we face today are no longer confined to individual countries or regions, upholding multilateralism and global cooperation is the key to tackling the crisis. From a global perspective, as the largest developing country, China's commitment to solving its own environmental problems is itself a great contribution to the protection of the global ecological environment. In the meantime, China is a staunch advocate of multilateralism and the spirit of international cooperation, and supports regional and global environmental protection initiatives with practical actions. China is a signatory to many major global environmental conventions, including the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. China has actively fulfilled its due obligations under these conventions, making significant contributions to the protection of regional and global environment.

中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会的报告描绘了中国到2035年基本实现社会主义现代化、到本世纪中叶把中国建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国的宏伟目标。在这一过程中，中国将致力于促进人与自然和谐共生，推动构建人类命运共同体，创造人类文明新形态。报告还提到，中国将采取战略措施，加快发展方式绿色转型，加大污染防治力度，提升生态系统多样性、稳定性、可持续性；加快实施重要生态系统保护和修复重大工程，实施生物多样性保护重大工程，推行草原、森林、河流、湖泊、湿地休养生息、推动形成绿色低碳的生产方式和生活方式等。这些举措能够提振信心，为当前复杂严峻的全球生态环境保护形势注入强大动力，凸显了中国在全球生态环境保护方面的引领者角色。

The report delivered by Xi Jinping at the 20th CPC National Congress depicts the ambitious goals of basically realizing socialist modernization by 2035, and building China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful by the middle of this century. In this process, China will stay committed to promoting the harmony between humanity and nature, building a community of shared future for mankind, and creating a new form of human civilization.

It's also made clear that China will adopt strategic initiatives to accelerate the transition to a model of green development; intensify pollution prevention and control; enhance diversity, stability, and sustainability in the ecosystems; accelerate the implementation of major projects to protect and restore important ecosystems; move ahead with major projects to protect biodiversity; facilitate the recovery and recuperation of grasslands, forests, rivers, lakes and wetlands; and move towards green and low-carbon production and lifestyle. All these messages are very encouraging and confidence-inspiring, as they can provide strong impetus to international community in dealing with the current complex and grim global ecological and environmental challenges, thereby highlighting China's role as a leader in global ecological and environmental protection.

联合国环境规划署对中国的绿色发展和生态保护倡议、30·60双碳目标、美丽中国建设始终予以高度关注和支持。中国自身实力的不断增长和坚持多边主义立场的信念，为中国与环境规划署进一步深化合作提供了广阔空间。我们期待中国继续改善国内生态环境的同时，向国际社会特别是发展中国家分享减污降碳、改善环境质量、促进绿色发展方面的成功经验和良好实践。在南南合作框架下，帮助发展中国家加强环境治理能力建设、分享实用绿色、低碳清洁技术，共同实现全球可持续发展目标，保护地球生态环境，推动构建人类命运共同体。

UNEP has always paid close attention to and supported China's green development and ecological protection initiatives, as well as China's effort to achieve the "30·60" decarbonization goal and build a beautiful China. China's growing prowess and its faith in multilateralism provide ample room for further cooperation between China and UNEP. We look forward to China's continued efforts in improving domestic environment, while sharing with the international community, especially developing countries, the successful experience and good practices in reducing pollution and carbon emission, improving the environment, and promoting green development.

China is also expected to help developing countries to strengthen capacity building in environmental governance and share practical green, low-carbon and clean technologies under the framework of South-South cooperation, so as to work together with other countries to achieve global sustainable development goals, jointly protect the global ecological environment, and promote the building of a community of shared future for mankind.

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