Why China's Dog Days of Summer Aren’t About Dogs
I’ve always wondered where the phrase “dog days of summer” come from, and apparently, my research suggests it’s linked to astronomy and timekeeping. In ancient times, the appearance of Sirius, the brightest star (after the Sun) in the night sky signaled the peak of summer, and was a precursor to flooding (because of monsoonal rains) in Egypt or drought and sickness (because of extreme heat) in the northern Mediterranean.
Sirius is also known as the Dog Star because it is a prominent part of the constellation Canis Major (or “Great Dog”). In Chinese astronomy, Sirius is known as 天狼星 (tiānlángxīng, lit. “heavenly wolf star”) – and as we know, the wolf is a member of the canine genus. However, at 8.6 light years away, Sirius is very, very far from Earth and has little to no effect on our sweltering summer.
Speaking of Chinese, the term “dog days” exists in the vernacular as 三伏天 (sān fútiān, lit. “three fu days”). Though the term doesn’t have any literal relation to dogs or any kind of canines whatsoever, it is strongly associated with the way ancient Chinese recorded time through astronomical measurements. A fútiān is essentially a period of hot days, and according to Purple Bamboo Language School, the first period called 初伏 (chūfú, lit. “the beginning of fu“) happens for 10 days in mid-July; the second 中伏 (zhōngfú, lit. “middle fu“) between 10 and 20 days in late July to early August; and the last 末伏 (mòfú, lit. “the end of fu”) with 10 days in mid-August.
The way the ancient Chinese calculated the beginning of the sān fútiān is very complicated, and most people nowadays wouldn’t care much about this antiquated timekeeping method. (If you want to know more about the sān fútiān, we have previously explained its intricacies here.)
However, during the sān fútiān, just like the other periods and terms in the Chinese lunisolar calendar, there are recommended dishes to help the body recuperate from the illnesses that happen when the temperature changes. And aside from eating cooling fruits like watermelon and lychee, the food that we should munch on during the sān fútiān are hot (wheat or flour-based) noodle dishes, because apparently, they can help the body detoxify and recover vitamin B and other essential minerals that are lost when we sweat too much. Don’t know what kind of noodle dish to eat? Check out the many types to choose from in this post.
Anyway, before you stuff yourself, here are some useful phrases and words to get you through the dog days of summer.
Clothing and sun gear
Sandals 凉鞋 liángxié
Flip-flops 人字拖鞋 rén zì tuōxie
Sunglasses 墨镜 mò jìng
Parasol 太阳伞 tàiyáng sǎn
Bikini 比基尼 bǐjīní
Swimming trunks 游泳裤 yóuyǒngkù
Words
Scorching weather 高温天气 gāowēn tiānqì
Sizzling/severe heat 酷热 kùrè
Stiflingly hot 闷热 mēnrè
Sauna days 桑拿天 sāngná tiān
Be bathed/soaked with sweat 汗流浃背 hànliújiābèi
Heat stroke/sunstroke 中暑 zhòngshǔ
To escape the heat 避暑 bìshǔ
Phrases
Hello, I’d like to get 你好，我想要买 Nǐ hǎo, wǒ xiǎng yāomǎi:
sunscreen 防晒霜 fángshài shuāng (with SPF 防晒系数 fángshài xìshù)
mosquito repellent 防蚊液 fáng wén yè
portable fan 可携式风扇 kě xī shì fēngshàn
cool bag 冰袋 bīngdài
I want 我想要 Wǒ xiǎng yāo…
a bottle of cold water 冰水 bīng shuǐ
icecubes 冰块 bīng kuài
an ice cream 冰激凌 bīngjílíng
a popsicle 冰棍 bīnggùn (vanilla 香草味 xīang cáo wèi; chocolate 巧克力味 qiǎokèlì wèi)
air conditioning
空调
kōngtiáo
Can you turn the air conditioning on?
请问可以开空调吗?
Qǐng wèn kěyǐ kāi kōngtiáo ma?
swimming pool
游泳池
yóuyǒngchí
Where’s the nearest swimming pool?
请问最近的游泳池在哪里?
Qǐng wèn zuì jìn de yóuyǒngchí zài nǎlǐ?
picnic
野餐
yěcān
Let’s go out and have a picnic in Chaoyang Park.
我们去朝阳公园野餐吧!
Wǒmen qù cháoyáng gōngyuán yěcān ba!
The sun’s too bright! Wear sunglasses!
太晒了，戴上墨镜吧！
Tài shài le, dài shàng mò jìng ba!
Translations by Huang Chenkuang and Purple Bamboo Language School (WeChat: Purple-Bamboo-School)
This article originally appeared on our sister account beijingkids.
Photos: Ruel Madelo and Jack Geoghegan via Pexels.com; Mellostorm via Wikimedia Commons (commons.wikimedia.org)
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