[1]税基侵蚀和利润转移行为,是指利用税收规则存在的漏洞和不匹配人为将利润转移至仅有少量或没有经济活动的免税或低税地区,导致少缴或者总体上不缴纳公司税的税收筹划安排。.
[2]黄健雄、崔军:《数字服务税现状与中国应对》,载税务与经济,2020年第2期,85-90页。
[3]该模型对商品、服务和广告的传递量以及整个数字市场的需求弹性做出了若干假设。
[4]指没有直接实用价值的基础科研。
[5]《服务贸易总协定》第17.1条规定:对于列入减让表的部门,在遵守其中所列任何条件和资格的前提下,每一成员在影响服务提供的所有措施方面给予任何其他成员的服务和服务提供者的待遇,不得低于其给予本国同类服务和服务提供者的待遇。
[6]Consolidated Version of the Treaty on the Function of the European Union , Article 107 .1: Save as otherwise provided in the Treaties, any aid granted by a Member State or through State resources in any form whatsoever which distorts or threatens to distort competition by favouring certain undertakings or the production of certain goods shall, in so far as it affects trade between Member States, be incompatible with the internal market.