何时新冠如流感？美国抗疫是躺平？

中国疾控中心关于流感疫苗接种指南（包括中国的流感病毒致病现状和数据）

http://www.chinaivdc.cn/cnic/fascc/201912/P020191220449614636907.pdf

中华医学杂志《2016-2019中国季节性流感负担估计》

http://rs.yiigle.com/CN112137202108/1311093.htm

中国疾控中心资讯《全球每年死亡65万人！流感危害被严重低估，医务人员应加强流感认识》

https://www.chinacdc.cn/gwxx/201908/t20190821_204896.html

中华医学杂志《新型流行性感冒疫苗的应用及研究进展》

http://rs.yiigle.com/m/CN112137202138/1339517.htm

世卫关于流感疫苗

https://www.who.int/immunization/Pandemic_influenza_Chinese.pdf?ua=1

流感疫苗的历史（摘自维基百科）：

Origins and development

In the worldwide Spanish flu pandemic of 1918, "Pharmacists tried everything they knew, everything they had ever heard of, from the ancient art of bleeding patients, to administering oxygen, to developing new vaccines and serums (chiefly against what we now call Hemophilus influenzae – a name derived from the fact that it was originally considered the etiological agent – and several types of pneumococci). Only one therapeutic measure, transfusing blood from recovered patients to new victims, showed any hint of success."[24]

In 1931, viral growth in embryonated hens' eggs was reported by Ernest William Goodpasture and colleagues at Vanderbilt University. The work was extended to growth of influenza virus by several workers, including Thomas Francis, Jonas Salk, Wilson Smith and Macfarlane Burnet, leading to the first experimental influenza vaccines.[25] In the 1940s, the US military developed the first approved inactivated vaccines for influenza, which were used in the Second World War.[26] Hen's eggs continued to be used to produce virus used in influenza vaccines, but manufacturers made improvements in the purity of the virus by developing improved processes to remove egg proteins and to reduce systemic reactivity of the vaccine.[27] In 2012, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved influenza vaccines made by growing virus in cell cultures[28][29][30] and influenza vaccines made from recombinant proteins[31] have been approved, with plant-based influenza vaccines being tested[when?] in clinical trials.[32]

Acceptance

The egg-based technology for producing influenza vaccine was created in the 1950s.[33] In the US swine flu scare of 1976, President Gerald Ford was confronted with a potential swine flu pandemic. The vaccination program was rushed, yet plagued by delays and public relations problems. Meanwhile, maximum military containment efforts succeeded unexpectedly in confining the new strain to the single army base where it had originated. On that base, a number of soldiers fell severely ill, but only one died. The program was canceled after about 24% of the population had received vaccinations. An excess in deaths of twenty-five over normal annual levels as well as four hundred excess hospitalizations, both from Guillain–Barré syndrome, were estimated to have occurred from the vaccination program itself, demonstrating that the vaccine itself is not free of risks. The result can be cited to support lingering doubts about vaccination as well as to counter ungrounded claims about the safety of vaccination.[34] In the end, however, even the maligned 1976 vaccine may have saved lives. A 2010 study found a significantly enhanced immune response against the 2009 pandemic H1N1 in study participants who had received vaccination against the swine flu in 1976.[35]

Quadrivalent vaccines for seasonal flu

quadrivalent flu vaccine administered by nasal mist was approved by the FDA in March 2012.[36][37] Fluarix Quadrivalent was approved by the FDA in December 2012.[38]

In 2014, the Canadian National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) published a review of quadrivalent influenza vaccines.[39]

Starting with the 2018-2019 influenza season most of the regular-dose egg-based flu shots and all the recombinant and cell-grown flu vaccines in the United States are quadrivalent.[40] In the 2019–2020 influenza season all regular-dose flu shots and all recombinant influenza vaccine in the United States are quadrivalent.[41]

In November 2019, the FDA approved Fluzone High-Dose Quadrivalent for use in the United States starting with the 2020-2021 influenza season.[42][43]

In February 2020, the FDA approved Fluad Quadrivalent for use in the United States.[44][45] In July 2020, the FDA approved both Fluad and Fluad Quadrivalent for use in the United States for the 2020–2021 influenza season.[44][46]