「上」比尔盖茨北大演讲：我给中国学生的建议
近日，比尔·盖茨来到北京大学，出席“盖茨与北大学生面对面2.0”活动，并发表题为《中国的未来：创新、慈善与全球领导力》的演讲。
(文稿略有出入，仅供参考)
LOOKING TO THE FUTURE: INNOVATION, PHILANTHROPY, AND GLOBAL LEADERSHIP
中国的未来：慈善、创新与全球领导力
It's great to be here today. Beida has a long history and I'm sure that, next year, as you celebrate its 120th anniversary, you will look back on the incredible contributions it has made to this country.
很高兴来到北大，特别是在北大即将迎来120周年校庆之际。过去一个多世纪以来，北大在高等教育领域取得了卓越的成就。
I've been coming to China since the early 1990s, initially for my work at Microsoft.
自上世纪九十年代以来，我曾多次访问中国。最初，我来中国主要是因为微软的工作。
Ten years ago, I was privileged to be named an honorary trustee[荣誉校董;荣誉理事] here at Beida. I remember what a great time I had here in 2008 watching the Olympic table tennis semi-finals between China and South Korea.
十年前，我有幸成为北大荣誉校董;2008年奥运会期间，我在北大现场观看了中国队与韩国队的乒乓球半决赛，这给我留下了难忘的回忆。
As I'm sure you remember, China took the gold medal in every category - the men's singles, the women's singles, the men's and women's team events. That was on top of two silver and two bronze medals. For someone who's as big of a fan of table tennis as I am, it was an incredible moment to witness.
大家可能还记得，当年中国队包揽了乒乓球男单、女单、男团、女团等各项金牌——还有两块银牌和两块铜牌。对于我这样的超级乒乓球迷来说，亲历赛场的感觉真是太棒了。
And it highlights in one way, the incredible potential China has. This is a country on a quest for excellence, not only to improve itself but to contribute to the whole world.
这从某种程度上展示了中国拥有的超凡潜力。无论是从自身的发展还是对世界的贡献来看，中国都是一个不断追求卓越的国度。
As China's economy matures, it is making bold and difficult choices on challenges like energy and pollution. And China is assuming a greater role on critical global issues like climate and development. This matters now more than ever as the world navigates a time of change and uncertainty.
随着中国经济走向成熟，在应对能源和环境治理等自身挑战时，中国正在做出大胆的抉择，尽管这确实艰难。在气候变化和发展等全球重大议题上，中国也发挥着日益重要的作用。在这样一个快速变化的时代，世界面临着诸多不确定因素，中国的作用比以往任何时候都更重要。
In some rich countries, there is skepticism about how well globalization works for ordinary people. The results of the U.S. presidential election and the Brexit vote in the UK underscore the temptation to turn inward on issues like migration, security, and global development.
全球化究竟能给普通民众带来多少好处?富裕国家的人们对此存在质疑。美国总统大选和英国脱欧公投结果印证了这些国家在移民、安全和全球发展等议题上出现了国内利益优先的倾向。
It's great to see China stepping up to fill the leadership vacuum. It is uniquely well-equipped to do so. No other country has accomplished what China has achieved in the last few decades -breaking the relentless[1] cycle of poverty and disease for hundreds of millions of people while modernizing its economy at a scale and speed unprecedented in human history.
我们高兴地看到，中国正逐步展现其全球领导力，填补这一缺失。中国足以胜任这一角色。在过去的几十年里，中国取得了任何国家都无法企及的成就：帮助数亿人民摆脱了贫困和疾病，还以人类历史上前所未有的规模和速度实现了经济现代化。
[1]relentless:continuing in a severe or extreme way 持续严厉的；持续强烈的
relentless criticism/pressure
不断的严厉批评／施压
Although China can't be expected to fill a gap in development aid from wealthy countries, it has made a smart choice in tripling its commitment to African development. China has long understood that helping other countries lift themselves out of poverty creates a more stable and secure world for people everywhere.
我们虽然不能期望中国去填补富裕国家在发展援助领域留下的缺口，但中国承诺将对非洲的发展援助扩大三倍，真可谓明智之举。中国在很久以前就认识到，帮助其他国家消除贫困相当于给各国人民创造一个更加稳定和安全的世界。
And by encouraging investment through innovative financing mechanisms like the China-Africa Development Fund, China is strengthening not only Africa's economic capacity, but also, over time, markets for Chinese goods.
中国通过中非发展基金等融资机制创新，鼓励对非投资，这不仅发展了非洲经济，也为中国产品走向世界开拓了新市场。
It's great to see President Xi's commitment to eliminate extreme poverty in China by 2020. China did a great job lifting millions out of poverty. But progress has been uneven. Forty-three million people are still living in extreme poverty.
令人振奋的是，习近平主席承诺中国将在2020年前消除极端贫困。中国让数亿人口脱贫是一个不可思议的成就，不过中国的发展并不均衡，迄今仍有4300万人口生活在极端贫困之中。
Our foundation looks forward to a new partnership with China that will focus on innovative ways to reduce poverty - through better nutrition and healthcare in rural areas, and by increasing access to financial services for the poor.
我们的基金会正在与中国开展新的合作项目，从改善加强农村基本医疗服务、提高儿童营养水平和扩大普惠金融等领域入手探索扶贫创新模式。
China isn't just striving to reach new heights at home. It is using its own experience fighting poverty and disease to help other countries tackle similar challenges. When I was in Beijing a few years ago, Vice Premier Wang Yang said something that stayed with me. He said: “Africa today is our yesterday.” Now, China is using the lessons it has learned to usher in a new tomorrow for Africa, too.
中国不仅在解决国内问题方面努力取得新突破，也在利用其对抗贫困和疾病方面的经验帮助其他国家应对类似挑战。几年前我访问北京的时候，汪洋副总理曾说：“非洲的今天就是我们的昨天。”这句话让我记忆犹新。现在，来自中国的经验正在帮助非洲迈向一个崭新的明天。
This is a pretty incredible time to be a young person in China. Your generation's entrance into the workforce will coincide with your country's rise as a center of global progress and innovation. The world's eyes are on China . . . and as the generation now coming of age, the world's eyes are specifically on all of you.
这对中国的年轻人来说是一个绝佳的时代。当你们步入社会时，恰逢中国崛起，成为全球发展和创新的中心。全世界的目光都在关注中国，关注你们这些即将走出校门的天之骄子。
So, I'd like to spend the rest of my time with you today talking about four areas where I think there are exciting opportunities to use your education, your passion, and your opportunities to unlock more amazing progress - for both China and for the world. Specifically, health, agriculture, energy, and technology.
接下来，我想和大家在四个方面进行探讨。我相信这些领域能够给你们提供大好机会，充分运用你们的知识，发挥你们的热情和抱负，推动中国和世界取得更加令人瞩目的进步。这四个领域分别是健康、农业、能源和技术。
First, health. When Melinda and I started our foundation 17 years ago, we asked ourselves: how can we use our financial resources to make the greatest impact? It didn't take long to realize that improving health was at the top of the list.
首先是健康领域。17年前，当梅琳达和我决定成立基金会时，我们不断问自己：怎么才能使我们的资源产生最大的影响?很快，我们就意识到健康领域的改善是重中之重。
When people aren't healthy, they can't learn in school or be productive at work. They're unable to seize economic opportunities or do any of the things they need to do to lift themselves out of poverty.
如果没有健康的身体，一个人就无法高效地学习或工作，更不用说摆脱贫困和赚钱养家了。
Melinda and I saw the example of China creating a better life for its people, and it inspired us to see if there was a way to support China's progress. Over the last decade, our work in China has focused on several of the most persistent domestic health challenges - specifically reducing the incidence of tuberculosis[2] and tobacco-related diseases, preventing HIV transmission, and improving treatment and care for people living with AIDS.
梅琳达和我亲眼目睹了中国为自己的人民创造了更加美好的生活，这也促使我们思考如何更好地支持中国的发展。过去的十年里，我们在中国的工作重心一直放在那些中国尚未完全解决的健康挑战上，如减少结核病和烟草相关疾病、预防艾滋病病毒传播以及改善艾滋病患者的治疗和关怀等等。
[2]tuberculosis [tjuː.bɜː(r)kjʊ'ləʊsɪs]
a serious infectious disease that can attack many parts of a person's body, especially their lungs 结核病；（尤指）肺结核
While we are continuing to support progress in these areas, our work in China is evolving along with China's new priorities. For example, China has a great opportunity to be a global leader in health innovation.
在持续支持这些领域的同时，我们在中国的工作也随着中国不断变化的需求和重心而改变。比如，我们看到中国在引领全球健康创新方面潜力巨大。
No one exemplifies this better than Professor Tu Youyou. As I'm sure most of you know, Professor Tu is a Beida graduate and the first woman in China to win a Nobel Prize.
没有人能比屠呦呦教授更好地证明中国在这一领域的能力。屠教授是北大校友，也是首位获得诺贝尔奖的中国女性。
Professor Tu was recognized for her discovery of artemisinin[青蒿素], a powerful medicine used to treat malaria[疟疾]. This was one of the most significant breakthroughs in tropical medicine in the 20th century and it has saved millions of lives.
屠教授发现的青蒿素可以有效地治疗疟疾，已经挽救了数百万的生命，堪称20世纪热带病药物最重要的突破之一。她的贡献得到了世界的认可。
With its rich pool of talented scientists and its capacity to develop new drugs and vaccines[3], China was a clear choice for us to locate a new Global Health Drug Discovery Institute. This institute - a collaboration between our foundation, the Beijing Municipal Government[北京市政府], and Tsinghua University - will help speed the discovery and development of new lifesaving medicines.
中国拥有大批才华横溢的科学家和强大的药物及疫苗研发能力。因此，当我们为一个新的“全球健康药物研发中心”项目选址时，中国的胜出毫无悬念。这个中心由盖茨基金会与北京市政府、清华大学携手共建，将通过加速药物研发应对全球卫生和人类健康的挑战。
[3]vaccine ['væksiːn]
a substance containing a virus or bacterium in a form that is not harmful, given to a person or animal to prevent them from getting the disease that the virus or bacterium causes 疫苗
This vaccine protects against some kinds of the bacteria.
这种疫苗能抵抗这些细菌中的某几种。
I had a chance earlier today to meet with some of the Chinese scientists who are driving cutting edge research. For instance, Dr. He Ruyi is the Chief Scientist at the Center for Drug Evaluation of the Chinese Food and Drug Administration (CFDA). His work - and the reforms being carried out by his agency - will create an environment where innovation can thrive.
今天早些时候，我有机会和几位正在从事前沿科学研究的中国科学家进行了近距离交流，其中有国家食品药品监督管理总局国家药品评审中心的首席科学家何如意博士。他本人的工作，以及食药监总局正在推行的改革，将为创新打造更为有利的环境。
We are working with the CFDA to bring in more experts like Dr. Ruyi to help improve its regulatory capacity so more Chinese health products can be made accessible to the entire world, including developing countries.
我们正在和食药监总局合作，吸引更多像何如意博士这样的专家，帮助提升中国的监管能力，以推动更多中国的医药健康产品进入全球市场，包括发展中国家市场。
One area that China has an incredible chance to lead in is in reducing and eventually eradicating malaria. With China's leadership, we stand a chance to make malaria the third human disease - after smallpox[4] and, soon, polio[5]—to be wiped off the face of the earth.
在对抗疟疾挑战方面，中国有着巨大的潜力引领世界。继天花和即将被消灭的脊髓灰质炎之后，我们有望在中国的领导下，让疟疾成为第三种从地球上消失的人类疾病。
[4]smallpox ['smɔːl.pɒks]
an extremely infectious disease that causes a fever, spots on the skin, and often death 天花
[5]polio ['pəʊliəʊ]
a serious infectious disease that can cause permanent paralysis (= being unable to move the body) 脊髓灰质炎，小儿麻痹症 a polio vaccination programme 小儿麻痹症疫苗接种计划
A little more than a century ago, malaria was a leading cause of death in nearly every country on earth. There has been great progress since then, and China is on track to eliminate malaria completely in the next few years. But more than 3.2 billion people around the world still live in areas where there's a risk of malaria infection.
一个多世纪前，疟疾几乎是所有国家致死率最高的疾病。一百多年来，人类在减少疟疾致死人数方面取得了巨大的进步。中国正在为消除国内疟疾有序推进各项工作，很有可能在几年内实现这一目标。但是，目前世界上仍然有32亿人面临罹患疟疾的风险。
To achieve the goal of global eradication, we need to build on Professor Tu's discovery of artemisinin and develop more powerful tools - like a single-dose[单(次)剂量] cure and better ways to block transmission of malaria from mosquitos to humans.
为在全球范围内消除疟疾，我们需要在屠教授发现的青蒿素的基础上，开发单剂药物等其他更强有力的工具，并寻求更好的方法，以阻止疟疾通过蚊虫在人群中传播。
China has the potential to develop these new high-impact solutions at a cost that developing countries can afford. We can start today by controlling and eliminating malaria in places like the Mekong River basin[湄公河流域] and in Africa.
中国很有潜力开发一些既高效、又让发展中国家可负担的解决方案。在非洲和湄公河流域等疟疾最为肆虐的地区，我们现在就可以采取更多行动来控制乃至消灭这一疾病——
Drawing on lessons learned from its own experience, China can help ensure that every family has bed nets[蚊帐] to protect them from infection. And it can help countries strengthen their health and disease surveillance systems[疾病监控体系] to better diagnose, treat, and prevent future cases of malaria.
通过分享自己的经验，中国能够帮助这些地区的家庭获得蚊帐，防止被感染。中国还能够帮助这些国家加强本国的卫生和疾病监控体系，更好地预防、诊断和治疗疟疾。
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