「Part2」2018政府工作报告中英文对照个人注释版
刚刚过去的2017年，经济社会发展主要目标任务全面完成并好于预期。
In the year just passed, all main targets and tasks for economic and social development were accomplished and performance has exceeded expectations.
注：
经济社会发展主要目标任务
all main targets and tasks for economic and social development
国内生产总值增长6.9%，居民收入增长7.3%，增速均比上年有所加快；
GDP grew 6.9 percent and personal income rose 7.3 percent, both beating the previous year's growth rates.
注：
居民收入
personal income
增长
grow/rise
城镇新增就业1351万人，失业率为多年来最低；
Around 13.51 million new urban jobs were created, and the jobless rate was the lowest in recent years.
注：
城镇新增就业
new urban jobs
失业率
the jobless rate
工业增速回升，企业利润增长21%；
Industrial growth began to rebound, and corporate profits increased 21 percent.
注：
企业利润
corporate profits
财政收入增长7.4%，扭转了增速放缓态势；
Government revenue grew 7.4 percent, reversing the slowdown in growth.
注：
扭转了增速放缓态势
reversing the slowdown in growth
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进出口增长14.2%，
The total import and export value rose 14.2 percent.
实际使用外资1363亿美元、创历史新高。
Inward foreign investment reached 136.3 billion U.S. dollars, hitting a new all-time high.
注：
创历史新高
hit a new all-time high
经济发展呈现出增长与质量、结构、效益相得益彰的良好局面。
The state of play in the economy was good, with growth and quality, structural improvement, and performance each reinforcing the other.
注：
a、b、c相得益彰
with a, b, and c each reinforcing the other
这是五年来一系列重大政策效应累积，各方面不懈努力、久久为功的结果。
This is the result of the cumulative effect of a raft of major policies over the past five years and of consistent efforts in all areas of endeavor.
注：
raft：a large number or range; a lot 许多，大量
a raft of data
大量资料
不懈努力、久久为功
of consistent efforts
各方面
in all areas of endeavor
过去五年取得的全方位、开创性成就，发生的深层次、根本性变革，再次令世界瞩目，全国各族人民倍感振奋和自豪。
Over the past five years, the ground breaking achievements made on every front and the profound and fundamental changes that have taken place, have attracted global attention and are the pride and inspiration of all of us in China.
注：
全方位
on every front
开创性成就
the ground breaking achievements
深层次、根本性变革
the profound and fundamental changes
令世界瞩目
attract global attention
五年来，我们认真贯彻以习近平同志为核心的党中央决策部署，
Over the past five years, we have worked with dedication to implement the decisions and plans made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core.
注：
认真贯彻
work with dedication to implement
主要做了以下工作。
The following are the highlights of that work:
（一）坚持稳中求进工作总基调，
First, with a commitment to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability,
注：
稳中求进
pursuing progress while ensuring stability
... 工作总基调
the general principle of ...
着力创新和完善宏观调控，经济运行保持在合理区间、实现稳中向好。
we have focused on developing new and better approaches to macro regulation, kept major indicators within an appropriate range, and achieved stable, positive economic performance.
注：
宏观调控
macro regulation
在合理区间
within an appropriate range
实现稳中向好
achieve stable, positive (economic) performance
对比2017年报告中“缓中趋稳、稳中向好”的表述：
The economy has registered a slower but stable performance with good momentum for growth.
经济运行缓中趋稳、稳中向好。
2016年报告中“稳中有进、稳中有好”的表述：
progress has been achieved and stability ensured in economic and social development
经济社会发展稳中有进、稳中有好
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这些年，世界经济复苏乏力，国际金融市场跌宕起伏，保护主义明显抬头。
The past few years have witnessed anemic world economic recovery, volatility in global financial markets, and a sharp rise in protectionism.
注：
乏力
anemic
跌宕起伏
volatility in
明显抬头
a sharp rise in
anemic：(anaemic的美式拼写) without any energy and effort 没有活力的，无精打采的
Both actors gave fairly anaemic performances.
两个演员的表演都苍白无力。
volatile：likely to change suddenly and unexpectedly or suddenly become violent or angry 不稳定的；易变的；易怒的，喜怒无常的
Food and fuel prices are very volatile in a war situation.
战争时期食品和燃料的价格极易波动。
我国经济发展中结构性问题和深层次矛盾凸显，
In China, structural issues and underlying problems have become more acute,
注：
结构性问题
structural issues
深层次矛盾
underlying problems
“凸显”
acute：If a bad situation is acute, it causes severe problems or damage. 十分严重的
She felt acute embarrassment/anxiety/concern at his behaviour.
她对他的行为感到极其尴尬／忧虑／担忧。
对比2016年报告中“深层次矛盾凸显”的表述
国内深层次矛盾凸显
deep-seated domestic problems were becoming prominent
经济下行压力持续加大，遇到不少两难多难抉择。
downward pressure on the economy has continued to mount, and we have met with no small number of dilemmas.
注：
经济下行压力
downward pressure on the economy
持续加大
continue to mount
不少
no small number of
两难多难抉择处理为：dilemma，指的左右为难，两难境地，英文解释为a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two different things you could do.
面对这种局面，我们保持战略定力，坚持不搞“大水漫灌”式强刺激，
In confronting this new environment, we have maintained strategic focus and refrained from resorting to a deluge of strong stimulus policies.
注：
保持战略定力
maintain strategic focus
“大水漫灌”式强刺激
a deluge of strong stimulus policies
坚持不搞-->避免/忍住/克制住 采取/诉诸于...
refrain from resorting to ...
而是适应把握引领经济发展新常态，
Instead, we have adapted to, addressed, and steered the new normal in economic development,
注：
适应把握引领
adapt to, address, and steer
经济发展新常态
the new normal in economic development
统筹稳增长、促改革、调结构、惠民生、防风险，
and taken coordinated steps to ensure steady growth, advance reform, make structural adjustments, improve living standards, and guard against risk.
注：
统筹...
take coordinated steps to ...
稳增长
ensure steady growth
促改革
advance reform
调结构
make structural adjustments
惠民生
improve living standards
防风险
guard against risk
不断创新和完善宏观调控，确立区间调控的思路和方式，
We have made fresh innovations in and refined macro regulation, developed the idea of and ways to achieve ranged-based regulation,
注：
创新和完善宏观调控
make fresh innovations in and refine macro regulation
对比上文另一种表述：develop new and better approaches to macro regulation
加强定向调控、相机调控、精准调控。
and enhanced targeted, well-timed, and precision regulation.
注：
区间调控
ranged-based regulation
定向、相机、精准调控
targeted, well-timed, and precision regulation
明确强调只要经济运行在合理区间，就业增加、收入增长、环境改善，就集中精力促改革、调结构、添动力。
We have been clear that as long as the major economic indicators are within an acceptable range, with employment growing, incomes increasing, and the environment improving, then our energies should be focused on advancing reform, making structural adjustments, and adding growth drivers.
注：
在合理区间
within an acceptable range
对比上文用appropriate一词来表示合理(within an appropriate range)
促改革
advance reform
调结构
make structural adjustments
添动力
add growth drivers
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采取既利当前更惠长远的举措，着力推进供给侧结构性改革，适度扩大总需求，推动实现更高层次的供需动态平衡。
We have adopted measures that are good for the near term and even better for the long term, made strong moves to advance supply-side structural reform, appropriately expanded aggregate demand, and worked for a dynamic equilibrium of supply and demand at a higher level.
注：
既利当前更惠长远
be good for the near term and even better for the long term
着力
make strong moves to
供给侧结构性改革
supply-side structural reform
适度扩大总需求
appropriately expand aggregate demand
供需动态平衡
a dynamic equilibrium of supply and demand
经过艰辛努力，我们顶住了经济下行压力、避免了“硬着陆”，保持了经济中高速增长，
With grit and determination, we have overcome downward pressure on the economy, avoided a "hard landing," maintained a medium-high growth rate,
注：
硬着陆
hard landing
促进了结构优化，经济长期向好的基本面不断巩固和发展。
and promoted structural upgrading. The economic fundamentals that will sustain long-term growth have been cemented and enhanced.
注：
经济长期向好的基本面
the economic fundamentals that will sustain long-term growth
cement：to make something such as an agreement or friendship stronger 加强，巩固（协议或友谊）
The university's exchange scheme has cemented its links with many other academic institutions.
这所大学的交流计划加强了与许多其他学术机构的联系。
坚持实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策。
We have continued to follow a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy.
注：
积极的财政政策
a proactive fiscal policy
稳健的货币政策
a prudent monetary policy
在财政收支矛盾较大情况下，着眼“放水养鱼”、增强后劲，我国率先大幅减税降费。
Despite a fairly big imbalance between government revenue and expenditure, China has led the way in slashing taxes and fees with the aim of using accommodative measures to strengthen the basis for sustained growth.
注：
“放水养鱼”意即要发展某项事业，就得有投入，给其创造发展的有利环境。(百度知道)，此处处理为“采取一些宽松的措施...”use accommodative measures to
增强后劲
strengthen the basis for sustained growth
率先
lead the way in
减税降费
slash taxes and fees
分步骤全面推开营改增，结束了66年的营业税征收历史，
Step by step, we have extended the replacement of business tax with value added tax (VAT) to all sectors across the country, calling time on the 66-year history of business tax.
注：
营改增：指的是营业税改增值税
business tax 营业税
VAT:Value-added Tax 增值税
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累计减税超过2万亿元，
The result so far has been a tax cut of more than 2 trillion yuan.
加上采取小微企业税收优惠、清理各种收费等措施，
We have also adopted measures like preferential tax policies for small low-profit businesses and an overhaul of different types of fees.
注：
小微企业
small low-profit businesses
税收优惠
preferential tax policies
共减轻市场主体负担3万多亿元。
All in all, our market entities have seen savings of more than 3 trillion yuan.
加强地方政府债务管理，实施地方政府存量债务置换，降低利息负担1.2万亿元。
We have strengthened management over local government debt, and issued local government bonds to replace outstanding debt, cutting interest liability by 1.2 trillion yuan.
注：
实施地方政府存量债务置换
issue local government bonds to replace outstanding debt
降低利息负担
cut interest liability
调整财政支出结构，盘活沉淀资金，保障基本民生和重点项目。
We have adjusted the structure of government expenditure, put idle funds to work, and ensured the spending for undertaking major projects and meeting basic public needs.
注：
盘活(沉淀资金)
put (idle funds) to work
对比 2016年报告中“盘活”的表述：put to good use
盘活(财政存量资金)
put (dormant budgetary funds) to good use
财政赤字率一直控制在3%以内。
The deficit-to-GDP ratio has been kept within 3 percent.
注：
财政赤字率
the deficit-to-GDP ratio
货币政策保持稳健中性，
Monetary policy has remained prudent and neutral.
广义货币M2增速呈下降趋势，信贷和社会融资规模适度增长。
The M2 money supply growth rate has been trending downward, while credit and aggregate financing have seen moderate growth.
注：
呈下降趋势
be trending downward
采取定向降准、专项再贷款等差别化政策，加强对重点领域和薄弱环节支持，
Differentiated policies, such as targeted reserve requirement ratio cuts and targeted re-lending, have been adopted to strengthen support for key fields and weak links.
注：
差别化政策
differentiated policies
定向降准-->目的是降低存款准备金率(百度百科)
targeted reserve requirement ratio cuts
专项再贷款
targeted re-lending
小微企业贷款增速高于各项贷款平均增速。
The growth of loans to small and micro businesses has outstripped the average growth in lending.
注：
小微企业
small and micro businesses
对比上文另一种表述：small low-profit businesses
outstrip：to be or become greater in amount, degree, or success than something or someone （在数量、程度或成就上）超过，胜过
The demand for food in the war zone now far outstrips supply.
现在战区对于粮食的需求远远超过了供应量。
改革完善汇率市场化形成机制，保持人民币汇率基本稳定，
We have reformed and improved the market-based exchange rate mechanism and kept the RMB exchange rate basically stable;
注：
汇率市场化形成机制
the market-based exchange rate mechanism
人民币汇率
the RMB exchange rate
外汇储备转降为升。
and foreign exchange reserves are now rising not falling.
注：
外汇储备
foreign exchange reserves
妥善应对“钱荒”等金融市场异常波动，规范金融市场秩序，防范化解重点领域风险，
We have responded appropriately to abnormal market fluctuations such as the cash crunch, brought better order to the financial markets, prevented and diffused risks in key sectors,
注：
“钱荒”
the cash crunch
防范化解...风险
prevent and diffuse risks in
守住了不发生系统性风险的底线，维护了国家经济金融安全。
forestalled systemic risks, and thus safeguarded China's economic and financial security.
注：
守住了不发生...的底线-->预先阻止
forestall：to prevent something from happening by acting first 预先阻止；先发制人
The company executives forestalled criticism by inviting union leaders to meet.
公司管理层邀请工会领袖见面，以避免遭受批评。
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