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XIV. Promoting World Peace and Development and Building a Human Community with a Shared Future
当前，世界之变、时代之变、历史之变正以前所未有的方式展开。
Today, our world, our times, and history are changing in ways like never before.
一方面，和平、发展、合作、共赢的历史潮流不可阻挡，
The historical trends of peace, development, cooperation, and mutual benefit are unstoppable.
人心所向、大势所趋决定了人类前途终归光明。
The will of the people and the general trends of our day will eventually lead to a bright future for humanity.
另一方面，恃强凌弱、巧取豪夺、零和博弈等霸权霸道霸凌行径危害深重，
And yet, the hegemonic, high-handed, and bullying acts of using strength to intimidate the weak, taking from others by force and subterfuge, and playing zero-sum games are exerting grave harm.
hegemonic
hegemonic /ˌhedʒɪˈmɑːnɪk/ 表示“霸权的；支配的”，英文解释为“ruling or dominant in a political or social context.”
high-handed
high-handed /ˌhaɪˈhæn.dɪd/ 表示“高压的；专横的”，英文解释为“using power or authority more forcefully than is needed, without thinking about the feelings or wishes of other people”
intimidate
表示“恫吓，恐吓”，英文解释为“to frighten or threaten someone, usually in order to persuade them to do something that you want them to do”举个🌰：
They were intimidated into accepting a pay cut by the threat of losing their jobs. 他们因为受到失去工作的威胁而被迫同意减薪。
subterfuge
subterfuge /ˈsʌb.tə.fjuːdʒ/ 表示“花招，伎俩；诡计”，英文解释为“a trick or a dishonest way of achieving something”举个🌰：
It was clear that they must have obtained the information by subterfuge. 很明显他们一定是靠耍花招弄到了那些资料。
exert
exert /ɪɡˈzɜːt/ 表示“运用；行使（权威、权力等）；施加（影响等）”，英文解释为“to use something such as authority, power, influence, etc. in order to make something happen”举个🌰：
If you were to exert your influence they might change their decision. 如果你能施加你的影响，他们或许会改变决定。
和平赤字、发展赤字、安全赤字、治理赤字加重，
The deficit in peace, development, security, and governance is growing.
deficit
表示“赤字；逆差；亏损”，英文解释为“the total amount by which money spent is more than money received”举个🌰：
The country is running a balance-of-payments/budget/trade deficit of $250 million. 该国的收支差额/预算赤字/贸易逆差已达2.5亿美元。
人类社会面临前所未有的挑战。
All of this is posing unprecedented challenges for human society.
unprecedented
表示“史无前例的，空前的；绝无仅有的”，英文解释为“never having happened or existed in the past”举个🌰：
This century has witnessed environmental destruction on an unprecedented scale. 环境在本世纪遭到了空前的破坏。
🎬电影《星运里的错》（The Fault in Our Stars）中的台词提到：You are so busy being you that you have no idea how utterly unprecedented you are. 你太忙于做自己 都没有意识到自己是那么的令人心动。
世界又一次站在历史的十字路口，何去何从取决于各国人民的抉择。
The world has once again reached a crossroads in history, and its future course will be decided by all the world’s peoples.
中国始终坚持维护世界和平、促进共同发展的外交政策宗旨，致力于推动构建人类命运共同体。
For its part, China has always been committed to its foreign policy goals of upholding world peace and promoting common development, and it is dedicated to promoting a human community with a shared future.
中国坚定奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，
China remains firm in pursuing an independent foreign policy of peace.
始终根据事情本身的是非曲直决定自己的立场和政策，维护国际关系基本准则，维护国际公平正义。
It has always decided its position and policy on issues based on their own merits, and it has strived to uphold the basic norms governing international relations and safeguard international fairness and justice.
on your (own) merits
表示“根据本身的特点”，英文解释为“according to the qualities you have or have shown, without considering any other information or comparing you to someone else”举个🌰：
The committee will consider/judge each applicant on his or her own merits. 委员会表示他们会根据每位申请者自身的条件斟酌考虑/作出判断。
中国尊重各国主权和领土完整，
China respects the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries.
sovereignty
sovereignty /ˈsɒvrəntɪ/ 表示“主权，统治权”，英文解释为“the power of a country to control its own government”
territorial
表示“领土的；领地的；土地的”，英文解释为“relating to territory”举个🌰：
Some animals and birds are territorial (= they mark out areas which they defend against others). 有些动物和鸟类有领地意识。
integrity
1）表示“完整”，英文解释为“the quality of being whole and complete”举个🌰：
A modern extension on the old building would ruin its architectural integrity. 在古老建筑物上附加扩建的现代建筑会破坏建筑风格的完整统一。
2）表示“正直；诚实；职业操守”，英文解释为“the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles that you refuse to change”举个🌰：
No one doubted that the president was a man of the highest integrity. 没有人怀疑总裁是个光明磊落的人。
坚持国家不分大小、强弱、贫富一律平等，尊重各国人民自主选择的发展道路和社会制度，
It stays true to the principle of equality of all countries big or small, strong or weak, and rich or poor, and it respects the development paths and social systems independently chosen by all the world’s peoples.
坚决反对一切形式的霸权主义和强权政治，反对冷战思维，反对干涉别国内政，反对搞双重标准。
China stands firmly against all forms of hegemonism and power politics, the Cold War mentality, interference in other countries’ internal affairs, and double standards.
hegemonism
hegemonism /hɪˈɡem.ən.ɪ.zəm/ 表示“霸权；霸权主义”，英文解释为“control by the strongest and most powerful group, especially the strongest and most powerful country”举个🌰：
We defend state sovereignty and national dignity and oppose hegemonism. 我们捍卫国家主权和民族尊严，反对霸权主义。
mentality
表示“心态，心性，思想方法”，英文解释为“a person's particular way of thinking about things”举个🌰：
I can't understand the mentality of people who hurt animals. 我无法理解伤害动物的那些人究竟是什么心态。
interference
表示“干涉，干预”，英文解释为“an occasion when someone tries to interfere in a situation”举个🌰：
She seems to regard any advice or help from me as interference. 她似乎把我的任何建议或帮助都看作是干涉。
📍2022年政府工作报告Part 20提到：坚决反对“台独”分裂行径，坚决反对外部势力干涉。We firmly oppose any separatist activities seeking “Taiwan independence” and firmly oppose foreign interference.
📍下载2022年政府工作报告对照注释笔记合集，公众号内发送：2022
中国奉行防御性的国防政策，中国的发展是世界和平力量的增长，
China pursues a defensive national defense policy, and its development strengthens the world’s forces for peace.
无论发展到什么程度，中国永远不称霸、永远不搞扩张。
No matter what stage of development it reaches, China will never seek hegemony or engage in expansionism.
hegemony
hegemony /hɪˈdʒeməni,ˈhedʒɪmoʊni/ 表示“（尤指国家的）霸权，支配权”，英文解释为“(especially of countries) the position of being the strongest and most powerful and therefore able to control others”
expansionism
expansionism /ɪkˈspæn.ʃən.ɪ.zəm/ 表示“（领土的）扩张主义，扩张政策；（经营规模的）扩张（政策）”，英文解释为“increasing the amount of land ruled by a country, or the business performed by a company”
中国坚持在和平共处五项原则基础上同各国发展友好合作，
China adheres to the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence in pursuing friendship and cooperation with other countries. (The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence are mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual nonaggression, noninterference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence.)
注：“和平共处五项原则”——互相尊重主权和领土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉内政、平等互利、和平共处。
nonaggression
non-aggression /ˌnɒn.əˈɡreʃ.ən/ 表示“（国家或集团之间的）互不侵犯，互不侵略”，英文解释为“a situation in which countries or groups avoid fighting each other”如：a non-aggression pact 互不侵犯条约。
推动构建新型国际关系，深化拓展平等、开放、合作的全球伙伴关系，致力于扩大同各国利益的汇合点。
It is committed to promoting a new type of international relations, deepening and expanding global partnerships based on equality, openness, and cooperation, and broadening the convergence of interests with other countries.
convergence
convergence /kənˈvɜː.dʒəns/ 表示“（观点等）趋于一致，趋同；会合，聚集”，英文解释为“the fact that two or more things, ideas, etc. become similar or come together”如：a convergence of interests/opinions/ideas 利益/观点/想法趋同。
促进大国协调和良性互动，推动构建和平共处、总体稳定、均衡发展的大国关系格局。
China works to enhance coordination and positive interaction with other major countries to build major-country relations featuring peaceful coexistence, overall stability, and balanced development.
坚持亲诚惠容和与邻为善、以邻为伴周边外交方针，深化同周边国家友好互信和利益融合。
Acting on the principles of amity, sincerity, mutual benefit, and inclusiveness and the policy of forging friendships and partnerships with its neighbors, China strives to enhance friendly ties, mutual trust, and converging interests with its neighboring countries.
amity
amity /ˈæm.ɪ.ti/ 表示“友好，和睦”，英文解释为“a good relationship”举个🌰：
The two groups had lived in perfect amity for many years before the recent troubles. 这两个群体的人一直和睦相处了很多年，只是最近发生了这些纠葛。
inclusiveness
inclusiveness /ɪnˈkluː.sɪv.nəs/ 表示“包容性，兼容并蓄”，英文解释为“the quality of including many different types of people and treating them all fairly and equally”举个🌰：
The Department embraces inclusiveness and diversity. 我们系拥护包容性和多样性。
converge
converge /kənˈvɜːdʒ/ 1）表示“（观点等）趋于一致，趋同”，英文解释为“If ideas and opinions converge, they gradually become similar.”
2）表示“汇集；聚集；集中”，英文解释为“to move towards a place from different directions and meet”举个🌰：
The paths all converge at the main gate of the park. 这几条小路都在公园正门处交会。
秉持真实亲诚理念和正确义利观加强同发展中国家团结合作，维护发展中国家共同利益。
Guided by the principles of sincerity, real results, affinity, and good faith and with a commitment to the greater good and shared interests, China endeavors to strengthen solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries and safeguard the common interests of the developing world.
affinity
1）表示“（尤指因为有相同的特征而引起的）情投意合，喜爱，吸引”，英文解释为“a liking or sympathy for someone or something, especially because of shared characteristics”举个🌰：
She seems to have a natural affinity for/with water. 她好像天生就喜欢水。
2）表示“类同；雷同”，英文解释为“a close similarity between two things”举个🌰：
There are several close affinities between the two paintings. 这两幅画有多处非常相似的地方。
endeavor
美式 endeavor 英式 endeavour /enˈdev.ər/ 可以作名词，也可以作动词，表示“努力；奋力”，英文解释为“to try to do something”举个🌰：
Engineers are endeavoring to locate the source of the problem. 工程师们正竭尽全力查找问题的根源。
中国共产党愿在独立自主、完全平等、互相尊重、互不干涉内部事务原则基础上加强同各国政党和政治组织交流合作，
The Communist Party of China stands ready to boost exchanges and cooperation with political parties and organizations of other countries based on the principles of independence, complete equality, mutual respect, and noninterference in each other’s internal affairs.
积极推进人大、政协、军队、地方、民间等各方面对外交往。
Our Party encourages people’s congresses, CPPCC committees, the military, local governments, and people’s organizations to expand their external exchanges.
congress
congress /ˈkɒŋ.ɡres/ 1）表示“代表大会”，英文解释为“a large formal meeting of representatives from countries or societies at which ideas are discussed and information is exchanged”如：an international/medical congress 国际/医学代表大会。
2）表示“（美国）国会”，英文解释为“the elected group of politicians in the US who are responsible for making the law, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives”
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「重点归纳」
in ways like never before
历史潮流
The historical trends
不可阻挡
unstoppable
和平、发展、合作、共赢
peace, development, cooperation, and mutual benefit
人心所向、大势所趋
The will of the people and the general trends of our day
霸权霸道霸凌行径
the hegemonic, high-handed, and bullying acts
恃强凌弱
using strength to intimidate the weak
巧取豪夺
taking from others by force and subterfuge
零和博弈
playing zero-sum games
危害深重
exerting grave harm
和平赤字、发展赤字、安全赤字、治理赤字
The deficit in peace, development, security, and governance
前所未有的挑战
unprecedented challenges
站在历史的十字路口
reach a crossroads in history
维护世界和平、促进共同发展
upholding world peace and promoting common development
外交政策宗旨
foreign policy goals
人类命运共同体
a human community with a shared future
独立自主的和平外交政策
an independent foreign policy of peace
根据事情本身的是非曲直
based on their own merits
维护国际关系基本准则
uphold the basic norms governing international relations
维护国际公平正义
safeguard international fairness and justice
各国主权和领土完整
the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries
国家不分大小、强弱、贫富一律平等
the principle of equality of all countries big or small, strong or weak, and rich or poor
一切形式的霸权主义和强权政治
all forms of hegemonism and power politics
冷战思维
the Cold War mentality
干涉别国内政
interference in other countries’ internal affairs
双重标准
double standards
防御性的国防政策
a defensive national defense policy
永远不称霸、永远不搞扩张
never seek hegemony or engage in expansionism
和平共处五项原则
the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
互相尊重主权和领土完整
mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity
互不侵犯
mutual nonaggression
互不干涉内政
noninterference in each other’s internal affairs
平等互利
equality and mutual benefit
和平共处
peaceful coexistence
新型国际关系
a new type of international relations
扩大同各国利益的汇合点
broadening the convergence of interests with other countries
促进大国协调和良性互动
enhance coordination and positive interaction with other major countries
和平共处、总体稳定、均衡发展
peaceful coexistence, overall stability, and balanced development
与邻为善、以邻为伴
forging friendships and partnerships with its neighbors
亲诚惠容
the principles of amity, sincerity, mutual benefit, and inclusiveness
真实亲诚理念
the principles of sincerity, real results, affinity, and good faith
独立自主、完全平等、互相尊重、互不干涉内部事务原则
the principles of independence, complete equality, mutual respect, and noninterference in each other’s internal affairs
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