TED | 如何帮助年轻人构建更好的未来

中文讲稿

00:13

00:32

01:13

01:48

他们感到自己面临着一系列紧迫的危机。人口危机，教育危机，失业危机，暴力危机，还有女孩们的危机。如果你审视这些危机，就会认识到它们都迫在眉睫，需要立刻得到解决。因为他们告诉我们，他们很担心。他们担心可能无法获得所需的教育。而实际上呢？他们是对的。

02:25

全世界有2亿青少年失学，相当于巴西的人口。而在学校中的人则觉得他们可能学不到实用的技能。放眼全球，10个儿童和年轻人中就有6个达不到阅读和数学的最低水平。没有哪个国家可以繁荣——如果一半人口的年轻人不能够阅读或书写。那么中学里那些少数幸运儿呢？很多人正在辍学的边缘，因为他们担心无法学到可以用来谋生的技能。而且有时候，他们的父母还支付不起所需的费用。这是个悲剧。

03:14

年轻人也告诉我，他们担心就业，无法找到工作。他们也是对的。每个月，有1千万年轻人达到工作年龄。这是一个惊人的数字。有些人会继续深造，但多数人会进入职场。然而我们的世界却无法在每个月都创造1千万个新的工作岗位。对现存工作机会的竞争非常激烈。所以，想象一下作为今天的年轻人，需要一份工作，需要谋生，准备闯出未来，然而合适的机会却凤毛菱角。

04:00

年轻人也告诉我，他们担心无法获得所需的技能。他们还是对的。我们发现我们所处的这个时代，全世界的工作岗位瞬息万变。我们正处于第四次工业革命。年轻人不想呆在农场和乡村。他们想要进入城市。他们想要学到未来工作的技能。他们想要学习数字技术和绿色技术。他们想要有机会学习现代农业。他们想要学习商业和创业精神，这样他们就可以创建自己的企业。他们想成为护士、放射科专家、药剂师和医生。他们想要拥有所有这些未来需要的技能。他们也想要学习建筑和电工等职业。这些都是一个国家所需要的职业，以及还没有被发明出来的职业。

05:08

年轻人还告诉我，他们担忧暴力。在家中，线上，学校，他们的社区。这一点上，他们又对了。一个年轻人在社交媒体上可能会有上百个好友，但当他们需要找个友善的面孔，可以像朋友那样一起交流的人时，却一个都找不到。他们面临欺凌、骚扰等等。数亿人面临剥削、虐待和暴力。每7分钟，全球某个地方就有一个处于青春期的男孩或女孩死于暴力行为。

05:55

女孩们告诉我，她们尤其自己的担心未来。遗憾的是，她们同样不无道理。女孩面临偏见和歧视。她们面临过早的童婚和危及生命的早孕。想一下美国的人口。将这个数字翻一倍。这就是18岁前就出嫁的女性人数。6.5亿人。很多人在她们还是孩子时就做了母亲。1/3的女性在一生中会面临身体虐待或性虐待。所以，女孩担心她们的未来不足为奇了。

06:42

这些紧急的危机可能不曾出现在你的生活或社区里。或许你们有机会接受好的教育，获得适应市场需求的技能，以及找到一份工作。或许你从没遭遇过暴力、偏见或歧视。但有数千万年轻人并没有那么幸运。他们在为自己的未来敲响警钟。

07:08

这也是为什么联合国儿童基金会和我们的很多公共和私人伙伴正在发起一项新的全球倡议。年轻人自己给它取了个名字。叫做GenerationUnlimited（世代无限），简称Gen-U，或Genyou。他们所要表达的是，这是我们的时代，我们的机会，我们的未来。

07:33

我们的目标非常直接。我们想在2030年达到让每个年轻人都能上学，学习，接受培训，或实现适龄就业的目标。这个目标很紧迫，很有必要，很有雄心，但我们认为这个目标是可以实现的。所以我们提倡前沿的解决方案和新的想法——可以为年轻人的未来提供奋斗机会的想法。我们不知道所有的答案，所以我们寻求企业和政府，非营利组织，学术界，社区和创新者的帮助。

08:14

世代无限是个开放平台，人们可以来分享他们的想法和解决方案，什么能行，什么没用，还有更重要的，什么可能有效。那么如果我们有了这些想法，加上一点点种子基金，几个好的合作伙伴，再加上良好的政治意愿，我们认为它们的规模可以覆盖全球，惠及数亿人。通过这个项目，我们也将做些新的东西。我们将与年轻人共同设计和共同创造。通过世代无限，他们将以导航员的身份，引领我们一路前行。

08:59

在阿根廷，我们有一个项目将那些位于乡下、偏远且交通不便的山区学生与中学老师联结起来。这些学生可以在教室中同社区教师一起，与城市学校在线连接。那里的中学老师会教他们数字科技，让他们接受良好的中学教育，他们甚至不用离开自己的社区。

09:37

在南非，有个叫“理工女孩”的项目。这些来自弱势地区的女孩正在学习STEM科目：即科学(S)，技术(T)，工程(E)和数学(M)。她们有机会做见习工作。她们可以在这里看到自己在工程领域，科学领域，甚至在太空项目中工作的样子。

10:02

在孟加拉国，我们的合作伙伴在培训成千上万的年轻人实用的职业技能，这样他们就可以成为摩托车维修工人，或者手机服务人员。这是一个看到自己人生的机会。他们甚至可能会拥有自己的企业。

10:22

在越南，我们有个匹配年轻企业家和他们当地社区需求的项目。通过这个项目，一组人聚集了起来，他们决定解决社区残疾人的交通问题。于是通过一位导师和募集的一些资金，他们现在开发了新的应用来帮助整个社区。

10:48

我看到了这些项目如何让世界变得不同。我在黎巴嫩时，参观了一个叫做“女孩IT通”，或者“女孩向前冲”的项目。在这个项目中，那些学习计算机技能和STEM项目的女孩，有机会可以跟年轻专业人士并肩工作，这样她们就可以直接了解成为架构师，设计师或科学家是什么样子。你会看到她们脸上的微笑，眼中的热忱，她们是如此兴奋，对未来充满希望。她们想要改变世界。现在，有了这些项目和这些导师，我认为她们都能够做到。

11:35

但这些想法和项目只是一个开始。它们现在仅触及了我们想触及的一小部分年轻人。我们想实现这些想法，并寻找规模化的方法。去覆盖全世界更多社区，更多地方的更多年轻人。我们要梦想远大。在世界上每个学校，每个地方，不管多么偏远，路途多么崎岖，或者甚至是在难民营中生活的人，他们能上网吗？我们能给全球任何一个地方的年轻人提供即时翻译，这样就能用自己的语言接受良好的教育吗？有没有可能，在你接受的学校教育中，协助提供你在自己社区工作的所需技能？这样你就能够从学校直接过渡到职场。还有更多要做的事情。

12:33

我们每个人都能帮忙吗？在我们每天的生活和工作场所，我们有办法支持年轻人吗？年轻人向我们寻求学徒，见习，实习机会。我们能满足他们吗？年轻人也在向我们寻求勤工俭学项目，可以学习和赚钱的地方。我们能不能做到这点，以及能不能去临近的弱势社区，去帮助他们？年轻人也说他们想帮助其他年轻人。他们想要更多的空间和更多的声音，这样他们就能够聚在一起相互帮助。在艾滋病防治中心，在难民营，还有制止网络欺凌和童婚。

13:25

我们需要想法，或大或小的，本地的和全球的想法。说到底，这是我们的责任。一代又一代的年轻人即将继承我们的世界。我们有责任为他们，但同时也与他们一起留下希望和机会的遗产。年轻人占我们人口的25%。但他们是我们未来的100%。他们呼吁奋斗的机会，去创建更好的世界。所以他们的呼吁也应该是我们的呼吁。我们时代的呼吁。现在就行动，需求正紧迫。18亿的年轻人正在等待着。

14:19

谢谢。

The End

英文讲稿

00:13

Today, there are 1.8 billion young people between the ages of 10 and 24 in the world. It is the largest cohort in human history. Meeting their needs will be a big challenge. But it's also a big opportunity. 

00:32

They hold our shared future in their hands. Every day, we read about young people lending their ideas and passions to fighting for change, social change, political change, change in their communities. Imagine what they'll create: breakthroughs, inventions. Maybe new medicines, new modes of transportation, new ways to communicate, sustainable economies and maybe even a world at peace. But this opportunity, this youth dividend, is not a given. 

01:13

One point eight billion young women and young men are standing at the door of adulthood. Are they ready? Right now, too few of them are. My favorite part of my job at UNICEF is a chance to talk to, meet with and hear from young people all around the world. And they tell me about their hopes and dreams. And they have amazing hopes and dreams for what they'll accomplish in their lives. But what they're also telling me is that they have fears. 

01:48

They feel that they're facing a series of urgent crises. A crisis of demographics, a crisis of education, a crisis of employment, a crisis of violence and a crisis for girls. If you look at these crises, you realize that they're urgent and they need to be addressed now. Because they tell us that they're worried. They're worried that they might not get the education that they need. And you know what? They're right. 

02:25

Two hundred million adolescents are out of school worldwide, about the population of Brazil. And those that are in school feel that they may not be getting the right skills. Globally, six in 10 children and young people do not meet the minimum proficiency level for reading and mathematics. No country can be successful if nearly half of its population of young people are unable to read or write. And what about the lucky few who are in secondary school? Many of them are dropping out because they're worried that they're not getting skills that they can use to make a livelihood. And sometimes, their parents can no longer afford the fees. It's a tragedy. 

03:14

And young people are also telling me that they're worried about employment, that they won't be able to find a job. And again, they're right. Every month, 10 million young people reach working age. It's a staggering number. Some will go on for further education, but many will enter the workforce. And our world is not creating 10 million new jobs each month. The competition is fierce for the jobs that are available. So, imagine being a young person today, needing a job, seeking a livelihood, ready to build a future, and opportunities are hard to find. 

04:00

Young people are also telling me that they're worried that they're not getting the skills that they need. And again, they're right. We are finding ourselves at a time in the world when the world is changing so fast for work. We're in the fourth industrial revolution. Young people do not want to be on the farms and in rural communities. They want to go to the cities. They want to learn future skills for future work. They want to learn digital technology and green technologies. They want to have a chance to learn modern agriculture. They want to learn business and entrepreneurship, so that they can create a business of their own. They want to be nurses and radiologists and pharmacists and doctors. And they want to have all of the skills that they'll need for the future. They also want to learn the trades, like construction and electricians. These are all the professions that a country needs, as well as the professions that have not been invented yet. 

05:08

And young people are also telling me that they're worried about violence. At home, online, in school, in their communities. And again, they're right. A young person can have hundreds of friends on social media, but when they need to find a friendly face, someone who can be there as their friend, to talk to, they do not find one. They face bullying, harassment and more. And hundreds of millions are facing exploitation and abuse, and violence. Every seven minutes, an adolescent boy or girl somewhere in the world is killed by an act of violence. 

05:55

And girls are telling me that they're especially worried about their futures. And sadly, they're right, too. Girls face prejudice and discrimination. They face early childhood marriage and they face life-threatening early pregnancy. Imagine a population of the United States. Now double it. That's the number of women who were married before their 18th birthday. Six hundred and fifty million. And many were mothers while they were still children themselves. One out of every three women will face physical abuse or sexual abuse in her lifetime. So, no wonder girls are worried about their futures. 

06:42

These urgent crises may not be a reality in your life or in your neighborhood. And perhaps you've had opportunities for a good education and for marketable skills, and for getting a job. And maybe you've never faced violence, or prejudice, or discrimination. But there are tens of millions of young people who are not so lucky. And they are sounding the alarm for their futures. 

07:08

And that is why UNICEF and our many public and private partners are launching a new global initiative. Young people themselves have named it. And it's called Generation Unlimited or Gen-U or Gen you. So, what they're saying is, it's our time, it's our turn, it's our future. 

07:33

Our goal is very straightforward. We want every young person in school, learning, training, or age-appropriate employment by the year 2030. This goal is urgent, it's necessary, it's ambitious. But we think it's also achievable. So we're calling out for cutting-edge solutions and new ideas. Ideas that will give young people a fighting chance for their futures. We don't know all the answers, so we're reaching out to businesses and governments, and nonprofits, and academia, and communities, and innovators for help. 

08:14

Gen-U is to be an open platform, where people can come and share their ideas and solutions about what works, what does not work, and importantly, what might work. So if we can take these ideas and add a little bit of seed money, and add some good partners, and add good political will, we think they can scale up to reach thousands and millions of people around the world. And with this project, we're also going to do something new. We're going to co-design and co-create with young people. So with Gen-U, they're going to be in the driver's seat, steering us all along the way. 

08:59

In Argentina, there's a program where we connect students who are in rural, remote, hard to reach mountainous communities, with something they've seldom seen: a secondary school teacher. So these students come to a classroom, they're joined by a community teacher and they're connected to urban schools online. And there is the secondary school teacher, who is teaching them about digital technology and a good secondary school education, without them ever having to leave their own communities. 

09:37

And in South Africa, there's a program called Techno Girls. And these are girls from disadvantaged neighborhoods who are studying the STEM program area: science, technology, engineering and math. And they have a chance to job shadow. This is the way that they then can see themselves in jobs that are in engineering, in science, and maybe in the space program. 

10:02

In Bangladesh, we have partners who are training tens of thousands of young people in the trades, so that they can become motorcycle repair people, or mobile phone service people. But these are a chance to see their own livelihoods. And maybe even to have a business of their own. 

10:22

And in Vietnam, there's a program where we are pairing young entrepreneurs with the needs in their own local communities. So with this program, a group gathered and they decided that they would solve the problem of transportation for people with disabilities in their communities. So with a mentor and a bit of seed funding, they've now developed a new app to help the whole community. 

10:48

And I've seen how these programs can make a difference. When I was in Lebanon, I visited a program called Girls Got IT, or Girls Got It. And in this program, girls who have been studying computer skills and the STEM program have a chance to work side by side with young professionals, so that they can learn firsthand what it's like to be an architect, a designer or a scientist. And when you see these girls, smiles on their faces, the hot lights in their eyes, they are so excited, they have hope for the future. They want to change the world. And now, with this program and these mentors, they'll be able to do it. 

11:35

But these ideas and programs are just a start. They'll only reach a fraction of the young people that we need to reach. We want to take these ideas and find ways to scale them up. To reach more young people in more communities, in more places around the world. And we want to dream big. Could every school, everywhere in the world, no matter how remote or mountainous, or even if it's in a refugee camp, could they be connected to the internet? Could we have instant translation for young people, so that you could get a good education in your own language, anywhere in the world? And would it be possible that we could connect the education in your school with skills that you're going to need to get a job in your own community? So that you actually can move from school to work. And more. 

12:33

Can each one of us help? In our everyday lives and in our workplaces, are there ways that we could support young people? Young people are asking us for apprenticeships, for job shadowing, for internships. Could we do this? Young people are also asking us for work-study programs, places where they can learn and earn. Could we do this and could we reach out to a community that's nearby, that's less advantaged, and help them? Young people are also saying that they want to help other young people. They want more space and more voice, so that they can gather to help each other. In HIV centers, in refugee camps, but also to stop online bullying and early child marriage. 

13:25

We need ideas, we need ideas that are big and small, ideas that are local and global. This, in the end, is our responsibility. A massive generation of young people are about to inherit our world. It is our duty to leave a legacy of hope and opportunity for them but also with them. Young people are 25 percent of our population. But they are 100 percent of our future. And they're calling out for a fighting chance to build a better world. So their call should be our calling. The calling of our time. The time is now, the need is urgent. And 1.8 billion young people are waiting. 

14:19

Thank you. 

The End