刊讯｜SSCI 期刊《社会语言学》2022年第1-2期

ISSUE 1

ARTICLES

■ Performing friendship in a lab setting: Advice in troubles talk between friends, by Alla Tovares, Aisulu Kulbayeva, Pages 7-25.

■ Language work and affect in adult language education, by Elisabeth Barakos, Pages 26-44.

■ Sociolinguists and their publics: Epistemological tension and disciplinary contestation over language in Catalonia, by Iker Erdocia, Josep Soler, Pages 45-64.

■ Stance in narration: Finding structure in complex sociolinguistic variation, by Axel Bohmann, Wiebke Ahlers, Pages 65-83.

DIALOGUE

■ Emergence and evolutions: Introducing sign language sociolinguistics, by Annelies Kusters, Ceil Lucas, Pages 84-98.

■ Geographies and circulations: Sign language contact at the peripheries, by Robert Adam, Ben Braithwaite, Pages 99-104.

■ Lumping and splitting: Sign language delineation and ideologies of linguistic differentiation, by Nick Palfreyman, Adam Schembri, Pages 105-112.

■ Hierarchies and Constellations: Language Attitudes and Ideologies of Signed Languages, by Joseph C. Hill, Eyasu Hailu Tamene, Pages 113-117.

DIALOGUE: COMMENTARY

■ Natural and elicited: Sign language corpus linguistics and linguistic ethnography as complementary methodologies, by Gabrielle Hodge, Sara A. Goico, Pages 126-136.

DIALOGUE

■ Classifications and typologies: Labeling sign languages and signing communities, by Lynn Hou, Connie de Vos, Pages 118-125.

■ Bibliography: Sign language sociolinguistics: What to read, Pages 137-150.

BOOK REVIEWS

■ Discourse and Mental Health: Voice, Inequality and Resistance in Medical Settings. Juan Eduardo Bonnin. London, United Kingdom/New York: Routledge. 2019. xii + 178pp. ISBN 9780367588816. Hb (9781138572652) £96, Pb (9780367588816) £29.59, Ebk (9780203701928) £29.59, by Alexandra Ortiz Caria, Baptiste Brossard, Pages 151-155.

■ Researching Protest Literacies: Literacy as Protest in the Favelas of Rio de Janeiro, Duncan, Jamie D. I., London: Routledge, 2021. 266pp. Hb (9780367374013) $160, Ebk (9780429353550) $34.26, by Daniel N. Silva, Pages 156-161.

■ How We Talk about Language: Exploring Citizen Sociolinguistics. Rymes, Betsy, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2020. 201 pp. 1st edition, ISBN: 9781108725965: Pb: urn:x-wiley:13606441:media:josl12511:josl12511-math-0001., by Bente A. Svendsen, Samantha Goodchild, Pages 162-167.

■ Language and Revolutionary Magic in the Orinoco Delta. Juan Luis Rodriguez, London and New York: Bloomsbury Academic, Bloomsbury Studies in Linguistic Anthropology. 2020. 216 pp. Hb (9781350115750) $115.00, Pb (9781350185029) $39.95, Ebk (9781350115774) $103.50, PDF Ebk (9781350115767) $103.50., by Georgia Ennis, Pages 168-172.

■ Routledge Handbook of Japanese Sociolinguistics. Heinrich, Patrick and Ohara, Yumiko, London: Routledge. 2019. Pp. xii +464. Hb (ISBN-13 978-041579027-7) $250, Kindle ebook (ISBN 978-041579027-7) $39.99, by James Stanlaw, Pages 173-176.

OBITUARY

■ “Shake well before using”: The dialectics of Michael Silverstein (1945–2020), by Miyako Inoue, Pages 177-191.

REVIEWERS LIST

■ List of Reviewers (January 1 2021–December 31, 2021), Pages  192-193.

ERRATUM

■ Erratum, Pages 194.

ISSUE 2

ARTICLES

■ Language ideologies in a minority context: An experimental study of teachers’ responses to variation in Irish, by Noel Ó Murchadha, Lauren Kavanagh, Pages 197-220.

■ Minority language maintenance and the production-prescription interface: Number agreement in New York Yiddish, by Isaac L. Bleaman, Pages 221-245.

■ “We are cheaper, so they hire us”: Discounted nativeness in online English teaching, by Joy Hannah Panaligan, Nathaniel Ming Curran, Pages 246-264.

■ Participation in (non)salient linguistic change over the lifespan: An examination of panel speakers’ life stories, by Raymond Mougeon, Katherine Rehner, Françoise Mougeon, Pages 265-286.

RESEARCH NOTE

■ T-tapping in Standard Southern British English: An ‘elite’ sociolinguistic variant?, by Roy Alderton, Pages 287-298.

BOOK REVIEWS

■ Language Policy in Business: Discourse, Ideology and Practice. Barakos, Elisabeth. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. 2020. 195 pp. Hb (9789027207609) $143, Ebk (9789027260697) $143, by Christa Burdick, Pages 299-303.

■ Women in the history of linguistics. Wendy Ayres-Bennett and Helena Sanson (Eds.), Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2020, pp. viii + 648. Hb (978-0-19-875495-4) 110 GBP, by Deborah Cameron, Pages 304-307.

■ Communities of practice in language research: A critical introduction. King, Brian W. New York: Routledge. 2019. 186 pp. Pb (9781138942479) $45.56, Hb (9781138942462) $128, Eb (9780429283499) $51.25, by Ila Nagar, Pages 308-311.

Performing friendship in a lab setting: Advice in troubles talk between friends

Abstract Interactions recorded in lab settings have been of little interest to sociolinguists who tend to favor “naturalistic” discourse. The focus on obtaining “natural” speech, however, has both limited the types of data used in sociolinguistic research and created methodological difficulties. This article demonstrates how lab-recorded interactions—viewed as performance—can lend valuable insights into how research participants display (normative) behaviors and identities. Specifically, using a multimethod approach, we analyze advice-giving in dyadic interactions between college-age friends who engage in troubles talk. Being supportive, including offering advice, is essential in friendships. This study, by identifying the various linguistic realizations of advice and explicating how friends manage the power/solidarity tension, adds to our understanding of the important activity of advice-giving in the context of friendship and illuminates friendship through the lens of advice. It also addresses the methodological question of how lab data fit into the landscape of sociolinguistic research.

Key words: “natural” and “contrived” speech, advice, face and facework, friend-ship, performance, power and solidarity, problem/troubles talk

Language work and affect in adult language education

Abstract This article considers the connection of language work and affect in the exemplary site of a private language education company as part of a larger discourse-ethnography in Vienna, Austria. Using the lens of affect, I analyse the experience, management, and performance of affect as part of language trainers’ language work. I theorise on the connection of affect, ideology, and emotional labour to make sense of the tensions that language workers face over their neoliberal selfhood and their precarious and elite forms of employment. These findings show the pervasive role of affect in organizing language work, its costs and effects, and the ways in which affect is tied to ‘feeling rules’ through which language workers (have to) perform emotional labour by managing their own and others’ feelings and performances. The article expands current sociolinguistic engagements with affect as mediated modes of meaning-making in the production networks of the new economy.

Key words: affect, discourse analysis, ethnography, language education, language work

Sociolinguists and their publics: Epistemological tension and disciplinary contestation over language in Catalonia

Abstract This article aims to investigate the relationship of sociolinguists with the publics in Catalonia and to disentangle the complex interrelationships among academics within the discipline. By examining material from mainstream media outlets and data from interviews with a selected number of sociolinguist scholars, we show how the public sphere is a site in which competing epistemological and disciplinary visions contest for discursive dominance in language-in-society matters, institutional authorization, and resources. Rather than seeing the engagement of sociolinguists with publics as a disinterested activity of knowledge dissemination and the provision of facts, we argue that the publics are better conceived as a terrain toward which sociolinguists direct institutional, disciplinary, and professional interests. Ultimately, our article contributes to a more encompassing understanding of ourselves as sociolinguists.

Key words: authority, Catalonia, expertise, language debates, publics, sociolin-guistics

Stance in narration: Finding structure in complex sociolinguistic variation

Abstract Stancetaking is a complex linguistic practice at the levels of both function and form, and as such is difficult to ana- lyze in a narrow variable context. Instead of treating stance as a linguistic variable in the variationist sense, we analyze how participants use different types and forms of stancetak- ing in a specific speech event, the re-narration of a story. A combined view of the range of different options used by speakers allows us to describe similarities and differences among them as well as to identify two groups with distinct stance styles. At the methodological level, the contribution demonstrates the utility of cluster analysis for research on linguistic style.

Key words: cluster analysis, stance, style, variable context

Emergence and evolutions: Introducing sign language sociolinguistics

Abstract The sociolinguistics of sign languages parallels as well as complements the sociolinguistics of spoken languages. All of the key areas of sociolinguistics, such as multilingualism, language contact, variation, and language attitudes—are of immediate relevance to sign languages. At the same time, sign language researchers using a range of data sources and methods (e.g., sign language corpora, linguistic elicitation, and linguistic ethnography) have showed that the unique natures and features of sign languages allow us to look at all these areas from a different vantage point. First, deficit perspectives on deafness serve to sharply distinguish the reality of sign languages from that of spoken languages. The linguistic status of sign languages has been long contested, and certain forms of signing are still labeled “nonlanguage.” The delineation and differentiation of sign languages, and of sign languages from other signing practices (e.g., gesturing, home sign) has therefore been a key issue. Second, sign languages are used by both deaf and hearing people, in contexts where spoken/written languages, and increasingly also other sign languages are in use, leading to complex multimodal forms of sign– spoken, sign–written, and sign–sign language contact, and to hierarchical constellations of language attitudes and ideologies in relation to signed and spoken languages and variants.

Key words: gesture, iconicity, language attitudes, language contact, multilingual-ism, sign language, variation

Language ideologies in a minority context: An experimental study of teachers’ responses to variation in Irish

Abstract Ideologies on linguistic variation among teachers of the Irish language are the focus of this article. Participants com- pleted an experiment in which they responded to speech samples representing traditional dialectal varieties in the Irish-speaking communities (the Gaeltacht) and a sample representing the Irish of new speakers outside the Gaeltacht (the post-Gaeltacht). When participants directly rate the speech varieties, the traditional Gaeltacht samples are rated significantly more positively than the post-Gaeltacht sam- ple. However, the post-Gaeltacht new speaker variety is on top for standardness. When participants rate the speakers’ characteristics, a more levelled, destandardised value sys- tem is also evident. The results are related to the official regimentation of Irish today, where authority is increas- ingly nebulous and negotiable. The results illustrate how teacher ideologies can develop in late modernity, whether in a minority context, in a context where authority is based on authenticity and a dialect ideology is established, or where language transmission occurs largely through education and substantial numbers of new speakers use the language.

Key words: Irish, language attitudes, language ideology, language regimentation, late modernity

Minority language maintenance and the production-prescription interface: Number agreement in New York Yiddish

Abstract Standardization is a focus of language maintenance efforts in many, but not all, minority language communities. What is the impact of this choice on interspeaker variation in maintained languages? This study investigates variable number agreement in Yiddish, a minority language spoken by two distinct communities in the New York area: (1) Hasidic Jews, who maintain the language without standardization, and (2) Yiddishists, who are overtly committed to maintaining a “correct” Yiddish. An analysis of data from 40 sociolinguistic interviews shows that Yiddishists have significantly higher rates of normative agreement than Hasidim do. The Yiddishists’ standard language ideology has also contributed to a leveling of the differences across grammatical constructions, a predictor that is more robust among the Hasidic speakers. These community-based differences in speech reflect differences in speakers’ prescriptive judgments, which were elicited through a novel postinterview text editing task.

Key words: language maintenance, morphosyntactic variation, number agree- ment, standard language ideology, Yiddish

“We are cheaper, so they hire us”: Discounted nativeness in online English teaching

Abstract This article considers the rapidly expanding online market for English teaching. Drawing on interviews with 11 Filipino online English teachers and the first author's own experiences teaching English online, we examine how teachers feel under the conditions of precarity they experience in the gig economy for language teaching. In addressing the experiences of Filipino teachers, we introduce the notion of “discounted nativeness.” Discounted nativeness describes Filipino teachers’ ambivalent position within the online English teaching industry: platforms take advantage of Filipino teachers' high levels of English proficiency—up to and including passing them off as American teachers—while the teachers experience discrimination from students and maltreatment by the platforms. The article concludes by discussing the need for sustained research into the burgeoning market for online language teaching.

Key words: digital labor, English teaching, gig economy, native speakerism, Philippines, TESOL

Participation in (non)salient linguistic change over the lifespan: An examination of panel speakers’ life stories

Abstract This paper addresses linguistic change over the lifespan by examining two cases of variation in the speech of the minority Francophone community of Welland, Ontario: (i) consequence markers so, fait que, alors, and donc (“therefore”) and (ii) markers of restriction juste, seulement que, (r)ien que, and (ne…) que (“only”). Using two sociolinguistic corpora collected 40 years apart, this paper first examines the impact of social factors on both cases at the community level, revealing that so and juste are rising at the expense of their competitors, and documenting differences in the speed of each rise and in the social marking of the rising variant. Second, it examines whether 12 speakers recorded in both corpora are participating in each rise, revealing important interindividual differences, including, for some, patterns of age-grading that go against the community trends. Explanations for these patterns are linked to the 12 speakers’ sociolinguistic life stories.

Key words: age-grading, change from below, linguistic change across the lifespan, minority Francophone community, panel vs. trend speakers, social salience