北大经院国际课堂 | 2020年暑期课程之《国际贸易》即将上线啦！

本课程将对历来的贸易理论模型的优势与局限进行分析，系统学习三大理论前沿：

This course looks at the advantages and limitations of previous trade theory models. Students will be systematically studying three cutting-edge theories.

The New Trade Theory and its Applications

新贸易理论的模型发展于20世纪80年代，能够成功解释具有相同要素禀赋与技术的国家间的大规模贸易，及贸易中占主要地位的产业内贸易。

The New Trade Theory models developed in the 1980s were successful in accounting for the large volume of trade among countries with similar endowments of factors and technology and in accounting for intraindustry trade.

问题1：为什么商品贸易的增长比制造业产出增长快得多？

Question 1. Why has merchandise trade grown so much faster than manufacturing output?

问题2：为什么用来分析北美自由贸易协定的一般均衡模型不能预测贸易在哪个部门增长最快？

Question 2. Why did the applied general equilibrium models used to analyze the impact of NAFTA fail to predict which sectors would have the largest increases in trade?

Trade Models with Heterogeneous Firms

构建一个动态的包含企业异质性的模型，能够解释高生产率企业与出口地位的因果性以及行业内份额再配置和总生产率提高的现象。

Models with dynamics and heterogeneous firms can account for the cause-and-effect relationship between firms with high productivity and export volume, and for the intra-industry redistribution of share and the increase in total productivity.

问题3：贸易自由化之后，出口增长是来自贸易自由化之前出口量大的产品还是出口量小的产品？

Question 3. From which products does the growth in exports come afer trade liberalization,from

products with large exports volumes before the liberalization or from those with small export volumes?

问题4：为什么一个行业中出口商的分布与公司的整体分布不同？

Question 4. Why is the distribution of exporters in an industry so different from the overall distribution of firms?

Trade and Growth

基于既有模型在解释贸易自由化的影响中的失败，比较国际贸易的理论研究者与实证研究者的生产率概念，进一步解释贸易对经济增长的影响。

Based on the failure of previous models in accounting for the impact of trade liberalization, we will compare the concepts of productivity used by researchers in the theoretical literature on international trade and those used by researchers in the empirical literature, to further account for the impact of trade on economic growth.

问题5：标准的贸易模型能否预测贸易自由化会提高增长率？

Question 5. Do standard models of trade predict that trade liberalization will increase growth rates?

问题6：研究人员在理论模型中使用的生产率概念与在实证分析中使用的生产率概念有何不同？

Question 6. How do the concepts of productivity used by rescarchers in the theoretical literature on international trade compare with the concepts used by rescarchers in the empirical literature?

李博，北京大学经济学院助理教授

邮箱：libo.econ@ pku.edu.cn