【TED演讲】SpaceX星际飞船：太空探索之路，任重而道远

中英文字幕

Well, thank you all so much for being here today.

好的，非常感谢你们今天来到这里。

2

00:00:03,52 --> 00:00:09,77

Because I am super excited to tell you that we are about to explore space in a big way.

因为我超级兴奋地告诉你们，我们即将以一种巨大的方式探索太空。

3

00:00:10,89 --> 00:00:15,08

And the future of space exploration is like nothing we've ever seen before.

太空探索的未来是我们以前从未见过的。

4

00:00:15,83 --> 00:00:18,25

And the future is one we can hardly even imagine.

而未来是我们甚至难以想象的。

5

00:00:19,51 --> 00:00:20,68

Well, why is that?

好吧，为什么呢？

6

00:00:21,26 --> 00:00:23,52

We've been exploring space since the 1950s.

自20世纪50年代以来，我们一直在探索太空。

7

00:00:23,92 --> 00:00:25,31

So what's different now?

那么现在有什么不同呢？

8

00:00:26,42 --> 00:00:32,88

Well, for the first time ever, we are going to be using supersized spacecraft for our journey into the solar system.

嗯，有史以来第一次，我们将使用超大型航天器进入太阳系。

9

00:00:33,97 --> 00:00:37,66

This is the Starship vehicle that's being developed by the company SpaceX.

这是SpaceX公司正在开发的星际飞船。

10

00:00:38,28 --> 00:00:46,60

This vehicle will be able to launch more mass, or payload, have more power and be able to launch over and over and over again,

这种运载火箭将能够发射更多质量或有效载荷，拥有更大的动力，并能够反复发射，

11

00:00:46,90 --> 00:00:50,77

more than any spacecraft ever designed or built, ever.

比任何设计或建造的航天器都要多。

12

00:00:52,10 --> 00:00:57,53

So the Starship and its Super Heavy booster are a fully reusable transportation system.

所以星际飞船和它的超重型助推器是一个完全可重复使用的运输系统。

13

00:00:58,22 --> 00:01:02,42

So that means that you don't have to build a new vehicle every time you want to fly.

因此，这意味着你不必每次想要飞行时都要制造一辆新车。

14

00:01:03,21 --> 00:01:06,50

And so what that does is that reduces the cost of each flight.

因此，这样做的目的是降低每次飞行的成本。

15

00:01:06,89 --> 00:01:08,36

And it lets you have more flights.

它还可以让你有更多的航班。

16

00:01:09,45 --> 00:01:12,31

Now historically, rockets have been used once.

从历史上看，火箭曾被使用过一次。

17

00:01:12,40 --> 00:01:13,34

And then that's it.

然后就是这样。

18

00:01:13,35 --> 00:01:19,92

But if you think about it, would you ever build an airplane, fly it once and then throw it away?

但如果你仔细想想，你会造一架飞机，让它飞一次，然后扔掉吗？

19

00:01:20,62 --> 00:01:22,38

Like, no, that's ridiculous.

就像，不，这太荒谬了。

20

00:01:22,39 --> 00:01:24,84

Because the cost of each flight would be way too high.

因为每次飞行的成本都太高了。

21

00:01:25,32 --> 00:01:27,74

And you wouldn't have very many flights, right?

而且你不会有太多的航班，对吗？

22

00:01:28,59 --> 00:01:30,49

So let's put this in perspective a little bit.

因此，让我们稍微客观地看待这一点。

23

00:01:30,98 --> 00:01:33,89

So think about the last rover that we just sent to Mars.

想一想我们刚刚送上火星的最后一辆月球车。

24

00:01:34,26 --> 00:01:35,39

It is an amazing mission.

这是一项了不起的任务。

25

00:01:35,40 --> 00:01:37,44

It's still on Mars collecting great data.

它仍然在火星上收集大量数据。

26

00:01:38,31 --> 00:01:41,78

So the launch cost for that mission was 243 million dollars.

因此，那次任务的发射成本为2.43亿美元。

27

00:01:42,48 --> 00:01:48,02

So that works out to be about 100,000 dollars per pound to launch that rover to Mars.

因此，将火星车发射到火星的成本约为每磅10万美元。

28

00:01:48,75 --> 00:01:49,69

And that's where we are today.

这就是我们今天所处的位置。

29

00:01:50,76 --> 00:01:55,94

So SpaceX is aiming to have a launch cost for Starship on the order of a couple million dollars.

因此，SpaceX的目标是让星际飞船的发射成本达到数百万美元左右。

30

00:01:56,67 --> 00:02:01,94

And so that means that you could launch that same Mars rover for about 900 dollars per pound.

这意味着你可以以每磅900美元的价格发射同样的火星漫游车。

31

00:02:03,09 --> 00:02:07,34

So that's 100,000 dollars versus 900 dollars.

那就是10万美元对900美元。

32

00:02:07,79 --> 00:02:09,58

That's a huge difference.

这是一个巨大的差异。

33

00:02:10,03 --> 00:02:18,05

And actually, it's probably cheaper than that because you could fit like 100 of those Mars rovers inside one Starship because it's just that big.

事实上，它可能比这个便宜，因为你可以在一艘星际飞船里装下100辆火星漫游车，因为它就是那么大。

34

00:02:18,30 --> 00:02:19,39

It's really incredible.

这真的令人难以置信。

35

00:02:20,61 --> 00:02:21,98

And it's not just SpaceX.

这不仅仅是SpaceX的问题。

36

00:02:22,36 --> 00:02:28,74

There are multiple commercial companies building new rockets now of all different sizes, for all different purposes.

现在有多家商业公司建造各种不同大小、不同用途的新型火箭。

37

00:02:28,75 --> 00:02:33,08

And this is great because this is really helping to open up space to more people.

这很棒，因为这真的有助于向更多的人开放空间。

38

00:02:33,78 --> 00:02:40,02

So here's an image of some of the current rockets compared to NASA's mighty Saturn V rocket.

下面是一些目前的火箭与NASA强大的土星V号火箭的对比图。

39

00:02:40,68 --> 00:02:45,42

So the Saturn V is the rocket that launched astronauts to the Moon in the '60s and '70s.

因此，土星五号是在20世纪60年代和70年代将宇航员送上月球的火箭。

40

00:02:46,21 --> 00:02:49,77

The last Saturn V launched in 1973.

上一次土星五号发射是在1973年。

41

00:02:50,62 --> 00:02:52,79

And full disclosure, I was not even born yet.

坦白地说，我还没出生呢。

42

00:02:52,94 --> 00:02:55,36

So I think this is incredibly unfair.

所以我认为这是非常不公平的。

43

00:02:55,62 --> 00:02:58,77

Because there has never been a rocket more powerful since.

因为从那以后再也没有比这更强大的火箭了。

44

00:02:59,77 --> 00:03:08,10

So I just have to emphasize that the changes we're talking about today, these are not incremental, small advances in rocketry and spacecraft.

所以我只需要强调，我们今天谈论的变化，这些不是火箭和宇宙飞船方面的渐进的、小的进步。

45

00:03:08,47 --> 00:03:16,27

These are truly transformational technologies that are giving us completely new capabilities and changing the paradigm for space exploration.

这些都是真正的变革性技术，给了我们全新的能力，并改变了太空探索的范式。

46

00:03:17,43 --> 00:03:25,02

And what's really going to happen is we're going to move from where we are today, which is usually, you know, more specialized, one-off,

而真正要发生的是，我们将从我们今天的位置，通常是，你知道，更专业，一次性的，

47

00:03:25,03 --> 00:03:31,36

boutique-style missions into more mass-produced, large-scale operations in space.

将精品式任务转化为更多的大规模生产、大规模的太空行动。

48

00:03:31,99 --> 00:03:36,74

And the reason is because we are being largely freed of these traditional,

原因是我们在很大程度上摆脱了这些传统的，

49

00:03:36,75 --> 00:03:43,60

very severe mass and cost restraints that we've been working under in the aerospace industry for decades.

我们在航空航天行业几十年来一直在严格的质量和成本限制下工作。

50

00:03:45,06 --> 00:03:52,42

Now there is one vehicle that's really forced us to change the conversation regarding space exploration and space architectures.

现在有一个工具真的迫使我们改变了关于太空探索和空间建筑的对话。

51

00:03:52,80 --> 00:03:54,08

And that is the Starship.

这就是星际飞船。

52

00:03:54,68 --> 00:03:59,07

That entire system is designed to be even more powerful than the Saturn V.

整个系统被设计成比土星V更强大。

53

00:03:59,08 --> 00:04:08,92

And the Starship vehicle itself will be able to launch over 100 metric tons of payload to Earth orbit, to the surface of the Moon,

而星际飞船本身将能够向地球轨道和月球表面发射超过100吨的有效载荷，

54

00:04:08,93 --> 00:04:11,64

to the surface of Mars and even beyond.

火星表面，甚至更远的地方。

55

00:04:12,43 --> 00:04:15,11

Like, 100 metric tons of payload.

比如，100公吨的有效载荷。

56

00:04:15,12 --> 00:04:16,19

Like, that's crazy.

这太疯狂了。

57

00:04:16,20 --> 00:04:19,82

That is a crazy number that we would never have been discussing a while ago.

这是一个疯狂的数字，我们不久前永远不会讨论这个数字。

58

00:04:20,41 --> 00:04:24,18

Because in spaceflight, we are always trying to reduce mass, right?

因为在航天方面，我们一直在努力减轻质量，对吧？

59

00:04:24,19 --> 00:04:29,88

Miniaturize your components, have your instruments be as lightweight as possible because of the mass and cost constraints.

由于质量和成本的限制，使您的组件小型化，使您的仪器尽可能轻便。

60

00:04:30,55 --> 00:04:39,61

And so now we actually have the opposite problem where we have to figure out, like, how are we going to fill 100 metric tons of payload?

所以现在我们实际上遇到了相反的问题，我们必须弄清楚，比如，我们如何填充100吨的有效载荷？

61

00:04:40,04 --> 00:04:41,94

Like, seriously, like, what are we going to fly?

就像，说真的，我们要飞什么？

62

00:04:42,49 --> 00:04:44,32

So this is a great place to be.

所以这是一个很棒的地方。

63

00:04:44,33 --> 00:04:46,16

And it's a great problem to have.

这是一个很大的问题。

64

00:04:47,02 --> 00:04:51,80

How can you actually fly such a ridiculous amount of payload into the solar system?

你怎么能真的将如此荒谬的有效载荷飞入太阳系呢？

65

00:04:52,92 --> 00:04:59,62

Well, Starship will conveniently refill its propellant tanks in space with methane and oxygen.

嗯，星际飞船将在太空中方便地为其推进剂油箱补充甲烷和氧气。

66

00:05:00,48 --> 00:05:04,43

So the way that this works is you launch your first Starship, right?

所以这件事的运作方式是你发射你的第一艘星际飞船，对吗？

67

00:05:04,44 --> 00:05:07,25

You've got your payload you want to send wherever into the solar system.

你已经得到了你想要发送到太阳系任何地方的有效载荷。

68

00:05:07,39 --> 00:05:08,56

You launch that into orbit.

你把它发射到轨道上。

69

00:05:09,06 --> 00:05:10,69

Then you launch another Starship.

然后你再发射另一艘星际飞船。

70

00:05:11,18 --> 00:05:14,11

And we'll just call it a tanker because it's basically just another Starship.

我们只称它为加油机，因为它基本上就是另一艘星际飞船。

71

00:05:14,12 --> 00:05:15,01

But it's full of propellant.

但它充满了推进剂。

72

00:05:15,87 --> 00:05:19,81

And then those two vehicles meet and they dock in Earth orbit.

然后这两个飞行器相遇，它们停靠在地球轨道上。

73

00:05:20,16 --> 00:05:23,63

And the tanker refills the propellant tanks of your starship.

加油机给你的星际飞船的推进剂箱加满油。

74

00:05:24,25 --> 00:05:29,29

So essentially what you're doing is you're refilling your gas tanks before you go out on a big, long trip.

所以从本质上讲，你所做的就是在你踏上一段漫长的旅程之前，先把油箱加满。

75

00:05:29,98 --> 00:05:33,87

And that's how you can send so much payload capacity out into the solar system.

这就是为什么你可以向太阳系发送如此多的有效载荷能力。

76

00:05:34,91 --> 00:05:39,55

Now this is so important because Earth is such a large gravity well.

这一点非常重要，因为地球是一个巨大的重力井。

77

00:05:40,49 --> 00:05:45,76

It just takes so much energy, and hence, so much fuel, just to launch off the surface of the Earth.

仅仅是从地球表面发射就需要如此多的能量，因此也需要如此多的燃料。

78

00:05:46,48 --> 00:05:51,87

So by refilling the tanks in space, we're essentially resetting the rocket equation in orbit.

因此，通过在太空中重新填充油箱，我们基本上是在重新设置轨道上的火箭方程式。

79

00:05:52,14 --> 00:05:54,61

And then we can send these payloads out to wherever they need to go.

然后我们可以把这些有效载荷送到他们需要去的任何地方。

80

00:05:56,23 --> 00:05:57,71

So this is fantastic.

这真是太棒了。

81

00:05:57,75 --> 00:05:59,29

Like, we have this new capability.

就像，我们有了这种新的能力。

82

00:05:59,30 --> 00:06:00,40

And this is how it works.

这就是它的工作原理。

83

00:06:01,00 --> 00:06:06,05

But now I'd like to go to the really exciting part: What are we going to do with this capability?

但现在我想谈一谈真正令人兴奋的部分：我们将如何利用这一能力？

84

00:06:07,14 --> 00:06:09,18

So consider this.

因此，考虑一下这一点。

85

00:06:09,37 --> 00:06:15,21

Scientists, myself included, have long been interested in the possibility of life on Europa.

科学家，包括我自己，长期以来一直对木卫二上存在生命的可能性感兴趣。

86

00:06:15,45 --> 00:06:19,18

Europa has a subsurface, salty, liquid-water ocean.

木卫二有一个地下、含盐的液态水海洋。

87

00:06:19,82 --> 00:06:22,42

And we wonder if life might be able to exist there.

我们想知道是否有生命能够在那里生存。

88

00:06:23,13 --> 00:06:29,37

So given our current exploration strategies, there is a mission in development right now to study Europa,

因此，鉴于我们目前的探测战略，目前有一项研究木卫二的任务正在开发中，

89

00:06:29,43 --> 00:06:35,31

it'll actually orbit Jupiter and it'll do flybys of Europa and remotely measure the Moon and its ocean.

它实际上将围绕木星运行，它将绕木卫二飞行，并远程测量月球及其海洋。

90

00:06:36,31 --> 00:06:37,38

But how about this?

但是这个怎么样？

91

00:06:38,01 --> 00:06:44,75

So I envision a future where to study Europa's ocean, we send submarines down into the ocean itself.

所以我设想了一个研究木卫二海洋的未来，我们把潜水艇送到海洋本身。

92

00:06:45,19 --> 00:06:47,79

And we study the ocean from within the ocean.

我们从海洋内部研究海洋。

93

00:06:47,94 --> 00:06:50,13

And we directly search for signs of life.

我们直接寻找生命的迹象。

94

00:06:50,75 --> 00:06:54,38

And while we're at it, we should also send submersibles to Enceladus.

在此期间，我们还应该向土卫二派遣潜水器。

95

00:06:54,87 --> 00:06:56,69

Enceladus is a moon of Saturn.

土卫二是土星的卫星。

96

00:06:57,24 --> 00:06:58,36

It's amazing.

太棒了。

97

00:06:58,54 --> 00:07:01,67

It also has a subsurface, salty, liquid-water ocean.

它还有一个地下咸水液态水海洋。

98

00:07:02,01 --> 00:07:07,47

Because we see literally geysers of water ice coming out of its south polar region.

因为我们确实看到水冰的间歇泉从其南极地区喷发出来。

99

00:07:08,19 --> 00:07:10,17

And it's not just Europa and Enceladus.

而且不仅仅是木卫二和土卫二。

100

00:07:10,25 --> 00:07:12,87

The outer solar system is full of ocean worlds.

外太阳系充满了海洋世界。

101

00:07:13,51 --> 00:07:19,49

And if we have learned one thing about studying life on Earth, which, by the way, also an ocean world.

如果我们在研究地球上的生命方面学到了一件事，顺便说一下，地球上也是一个海洋世界。

102

00:07:19,50 --> 00:07:22,57

It's that all life requires liquid water to survive.

所有的生命都需要液态水才能生存。

103

00:07:23,23 --> 00:07:26,63

So we wonder: Could there be life in these other oceans as well?

因此，我们想知道：在这些其他海洋中是否也有生命？

104

00:07:28,07 --> 00:07:30,01

There's other possibilities, too.

也有其他的可能性。

105

00:07:30,47 --> 00:07:32,86

Let's consider astronomy and astrophysics.

让我们来看看天文学和天体物理学。

106

00:07:33,24 --> 00:07:38,18

This is a beautiful image from the Hubble Space Telescope in the constellation of Orion.

这是哈勃太空望远镜在猎户座拍摄的一张美丽的图像。

107

00:07:38,73 --> 00:07:42,85

It is a nebula: a star-forming region where new stars are being born.

这是一个星云：一个恒星形成区域，在那里新的恒星正在诞生。

108

00:07:43,50 --> 00:07:50,30

And in order to understand these processes in the universe, we need large telescopes in space to send us back this type of data.

为了了解宇宙中的这些过程，我们需要太空中的大型望远镜来传回这种类型的数据。

109

00:07:51,56 --> 00:07:57,19

Now you could fit a telescope three times the diameter of Hubble in a Starship.

现在，你可以在一艘星际飞船上安装一个直径是哈勃三倍的望远镜。

110

00:07:57,61 --> 00:08:00,86

You could actually fit several of those very large telescopes in a Starship.

实际上，你可以在一艘星际飞船上安装几个这样的非常大的望远镜。

111

00:08:00,87 --> 00:08:05,00

And that's important because telescopes, size matters, right?

这一点很重要，因为望远镜的大小很重要，对吗？

112

00:08:05,00 --> 00:08:07,42

The telescope is like a light-collecting bucket.

望远镜就像一个收集光的水桶。

113

00:08:07,92 --> 00:08:15,30

And you want to collect as many photons as you possibly can to see objects that are faint and to see objects that are far away.

你想要收集尽可能多的光子，以便看到微弱的物体和遥远的物体。

114

00:08:16,02 --> 00:08:18,38

Because the telescope, a telescope is a time machine.

因为望远镜，望远镜是一台时光机。

115

00:08:18,87 --> 00:08:21,55

The further away an object is, the older it is.

一个物体距离越远，它就越古老。

116

00:08:22,05 --> 00:08:27,36

Because it takes a finite amount of time for that light to travel from that object to your eyeball, right?

因为光从那个物体传播到你的眼球需要有限的时间，对吗？

117

00:08:27,37 --> 00:08:28,67

That's why it's called the speed of light.

这就是为什么它被称为光速。

118

00:08:29,50 --> 00:08:34,63

So with these larger telescopes, we can address these science questions, like searching for exoplanets,

因此，有了这些更大的望远镜，我们就可以解决这些科学问题，比如寻找系外行星，

119

00:08:34,74 --> 00:08:39,38

planets around other stars and understanding the formation of stars and planetary systems...

围绕其他恒星的行星和了解恒星和行星系统的形成。

120

00:08:39,90 --> 00:08:47,28

and looking back to the cosmic dawn, the literal beginning of time, and fundamentally understanding our own place in the universe.

并回顾宇宙的黎明，时间的字面起点，从根本上理解我们在宇宙中的位置。

121

00:08:48,60 --> 00:08:50,51

But it's not just the size of the telescopes.

但这不仅仅是望远镜的大小。

122

00:08:50,84 --> 00:08:52,36

We can also reduce the cost.

1.

123

00:08:52,85 --> 00:08:57,43

So the James Webb Space Telescope, JWST, fantastic instrument, amazing.

1.

124

00:08:57,98 --> 00:08:59,66

The telescope is relatively large.

1.

125

00:08:59,67 --> 00:09:02,52

So it didn't fit on any existing launch vehicles.

1.

126

00:09:03,00 --> 00:09:06,28

So it had to be folded up, like a piece of origami,

1.

127

00:09:06,29 --> 00:09:07,53

to fit on the rocket.

1.

128

00:09:08,21 --> 00:09:11,58

So if we have larger vehicles that can launch larger telescopes,

1.

129

00:09:11,80 --> 00:09:14,61

we can just launch them already fully assembled, right?

1.

130

00:09:14,86 --> 00:09:16,61

No deployment in space necessary.

1.

131

00:09:17,37 --> 00:09:19,87

So the science that can be enabled is amazing.

因此，可以实现的科学是令人惊叹的。

132

00:09:20,07 --> 00:09:21,46

But it's about more than the science.

1.

133

00:09:21,47 --> 00:09:23,09

It’s also about the exploration.

1.

134

00:09:23,74 --> 00:09:27,00

Because for the first time in the history of our entire planet.

1.

135

00:09:27,01 --> 00:09:31,69

And that’s about a little over four and a half billion years for anybody that’s keeping track.

1.

136

00:09:32,72 --> 00:09:40,44

We are on the cusp of having both the scientific and technical capability to send humans to build a future off of our home planet.

1.

137

00:09:41,36 --> 00:09:43,60

And here's how we're going to do it on Mars.

1.

138

00:09:44,59 --> 00:09:48,00

So first we need to send uncrewed starships to Mars.

1.

139

00:09:48,62 --> 00:09:53,27

I mean, we have to prove that we can safely land those vehicles before we can send humans on them.

1.

140

00:09:54,04 --> 00:10:03,85

But we will use that amazing payload capacity of the Starships to send elements that we need in order to enable a sustained human presence on Mars.

1.

141

00:10:04,48 --> 00:10:07,10

And we’re going to start with what we call ISRU:

1.

142

00:10:07,24 --> 00:10:09,01

In-Situ Resource Utilization.

1.

143

00:10:09,52 --> 00:10:11,29

That basically means living off the land.

1.

144

00:10:11,92 --> 00:10:14,70

Because if we want to have a self-sustaining presence on Mars,

1.

145

00:10:15,14 --> 00:10:17,25

we cannot be Earth-reliant, right?

1.

146

00:10:17,34 --> 00:10:20,96

We cannot ferry everything we need from Earth to Mars all the time.

1.

147

00:10:22,08 --> 00:10:24,20

You know, living off of local resources,

1.

148

00:10:24,55 --> 00:10:28,50

it’s been critical to human survival since the beginning of our entire species.

1.

149

00:10:29,25 --> 00:10:35,20

Our ancestors for millennia have been learning how to use local resources to do things like,

1.

150

00:10:35,58 --> 00:10:38,83

you know, build tools and grow food and generate energy.

1.

151

00:10:39,82 --> 00:10:41,00

So, I mean, we’re lucky.

1.

152

00:10:41,41 --> 00:10:43,75

We live on a pretty cushy planet right now.

1.

153

00:10:43,99 --> 00:10:45,38

That’s why we’re all here today.

1.

154

00:10:45,39 --> 00:10:46,58

We have everything that we need.

1.

155

00:10:47,41 --> 00:10:48,76

But Mars is different.

1.

156

00:10:49,54 --> 00:10:51,36

And Mars is unforgiving.

1.

157

00:10:52,13 --> 00:10:57,39

And if you run out of food or fuel or oxygen, you’re done.

1.

158

00:10:58,14 --> 00:11:01,79

So we have to be very smart about how we do ISRU on Mars.

1.

159

00:11:02,48 --> 00:11:05,75

And the way we’re going to start is by using water ice as a resource.

1.

160

00:11:06,30 --> 00:11:08,21

We know Mars has lots of water ice.

我们知道火星上有很多水冰。

161

00:11:08,36 --> 00:11:09,25

There’s ground ice.

1.

162

00:11:09,49 --> 00:11:10,79

There’s rock-covered glaciers.

1.

163

00:11:10,85 --> 00:11:12,03

There’s ice for us to use.

1.

164

00:11:13,39 --> 00:11:16,59

Now, traditionally, when people talk about sending humans to Mars,

1.

165

00:11:17,14 --> 00:11:22,40

we talk about sending like a few people and maybe a little rover so they can drive around and explore a little bit.

1.

166

00:11:23,14 --> 00:11:34,87

But Starship is so transformational that now we can talk about sending the heavy-duty construction machinery to build the infrastructure that we need for a large-scale presence on Mars.

1.

167

00:11:34,88 --> 00:11:39,00

So I’m talking like dump trucks and backhoes and large drill rigs.

1.

168

00:11:39,52 --> 00:11:42,02

All the things we’re going to need for ISRU and beyond.

1.

169

00:11:43,29 --> 00:11:50,08

And another thing that we need to do before the humans arrive is search for Indigenous Martian life.

在人类到来之前，我们需要做的另一件事是寻找原住民火星生命。

170

00:11:50,84 --> 00:11:53,29

So this is a top-priority science question.

所以这是一个最重要的科学问题。

171

00:11:53,44 --> 00:11:54,61

Is there life on Mars?

火星上有生命吗？

172

00:11:55,21 --> 00:12:01,46

But we also have to do due diligence to make sure that that landing site is safe for the humans to come and live and work.

但我们也必须进行尽职调查，以确保着陆点对人类来这里生活和工作是安全的。

173

00:12:02,65 --> 00:12:06,93

So once we get all that robotic precursor work done, then the humans can arrive.

所以，一旦我们完成了所有的机器人前期工作，人类就可以到达了。

174

00:12:07,41 --> 00:12:11,86

And this is when we start building up a base and moving towards a civilization on Mars.

这就是我们开始在火星上建立基地并走向文明的时候。

175

00:12:12,82 --> 00:12:15,24

Now just imagine that for a moment, right?

现在想象一下，对吗？

176

00:12:15,25 --> 00:12:20,89

At this point, there will actually be Martians, except they will be people like you and me.

在这一点上，实际上将有火星人，除了他们将是像你和我一样的人。

177

00:12:22,32 --> 00:12:23,66

And it's about more than just Mars.

而且这不仅仅是关于火星的。

178

00:12:24,32 --> 00:12:32,19

Because as we develop this capability to send humans into the solar system, we can truly begin to address questions such as:

因为随着我们发展这种将人类送入太阳系的能力，我们可以真正开始解决以下问题：

179

00:12:32,62 --> 00:12:36,91

Are we alone in the universe, and can humans thrive off-planet?

我们在宇宙中是孤独的吗？人类能在行星外茁壮成长吗？

180

00:12:37,92 --> 00:12:44,61

So the opportunities that are afforded us by these supersized spacecraft are truly unprecedented.

因此，这些超大型航天器为我们提供的机会确实是前所未有的。

181

00:12:44,62 --> 00:12:46,88

And they're like nothing that we've ever had before.

它们和我们以前所拥有的完全不同。

182

00:12:46,89 --> 00:12:50,74

And they're completely changing the paradigm for space exploration.

他们正在彻底改变太空探索的模式。

183

00:12:51,72 --> 00:12:56,49

It has taken the entire history of our planet to reach this point right now.

我们这个星球用了整个历史才走到现在这一步。

184

00:12:57,15 --> 00:12:59,74

So I think it's an amazing time to be alive.

所以我认为这是一个令人惊叹的活着的时代。

185

00:13:00,33 --> 00:13:04,88

Because what we do next will forever change the course of human history.

因为我们下一步所做的将永远改变人类历史的进程。

186

00:13:05,97 --> 00:13:12,61

So now is the time to seize the opportunity and expand humanity throughout the cosmos.

因此，现在是抓住机会，在整个宇宙中扩大人性的时候了。

187

00:13:13,12 --> 00:13:18,70

Thank you.

谢谢。