GR | 临近北极环境下农业生态模型的使用、校准和检验

导读

Figure 1：Interactions affecting soil/atmospheric fluxes of GHG's (coloured arrows) in agriculture in mineral and organic soils (central circle), including: climate inputs (blue box), crop management including sowing, fertilising, harvest, spraying, baling and transport (green box), animal husbandry including grazing, housing, feed, manure management and GHG emissions, both enteric and from subsequent manure (brown box). White arrows indicate interactions between compartments.

Figure 2：Regions examined in this study (greyed areas) and other boreal regions not included in this study (in white). Total grassland area (thousands of km) and percent change, carbon budget, and change associated with conversion from forestry to grassland (F to G change) and grassland to cropland (G to A change) in Tg C year⁻¹, for the period 2000–2012 modelled using ORCHIDEE_GM (Chang et al., 2021), and a summary carbon ‘Sink’ or ‘Source’, in bold.

Figure 3：Number and type of model used in boreal modelling studies by year. Ensemble and mixed model approaches incorporate various models, but these approaches are judged sufficiently different form single model methods to be classed as models in their own right. Red highlighted papers contain model evaluations.

Table 1. Summary of score given for each model for variables validated

Note: Values represent the mean of scores given to each validation method where more than one was used to assess the variable. Validation data was extracted from five papers (Chatskikh et al.,2005; Congreves et al.,2016; He et al.,2020; Höglind et al.,2020; Jégo et al.,2015; Korhonen et al.,2018) from the initial literature search and summarised according to a system derived from Despotovic et al. (2016); He et al. (2020); and Moriasi et al. (2015).

Table 2. Summary of papers examined in this review

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